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      CARCINOMA EPIDERMOIDE CUTÁNEO INVASIVO A CRÁNEO: REPORTE DE UN CASO Translated title: CARCINOMA EPIDERMÓIDE CUTÂNEO A CRÂNIO: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO Translated title: INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA TO SKULL: A CLINICAL CASE PRESENTATION

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          Abstract

          Dentro del grupo de cáncer cutáneo no melanoma (CCNM), el Carcinoma cutáneo de células escamosas (CE) representa el 25% siendo el segundo más frecuente, con una incidencia a lo largo de la vida del 7 y 11%. El Carcinoma Epidermoide (CE) es más agresivo que el Carcinoma basocelular (CBC). También pueden invadir estructuras profundas, causando significativa destrucción local. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de 71 años que había sido previamente intervenida por diagnóstico anatomopatológico de carcinoma epidermoide de cuero cabelludo moderadamente diferenciado. Posteriormente presentó amplia recidiva local en zona frontal con invasión de diploe craneal y espacio epidural. Fue intervenida quirúrgicamente y el defecto secundario se reparó con colgajo e injertos. La biopsia confirmó bordes libres. Sin embargo un mes después, la paciente presentó invasión del cáncer a techo de la órbita. Se describe el tratamiento quirúrgico realizado por los servicios de Cirugía Plástica y Neurocirugía. Se reporta este caso clínico, ya que la incidencia de cáncer en la piel ha aumentado en los últimos años, por las mayores áreas expuestas al sol y mayor longevidad. Sin embargo su evolución es detenida la mayoría de las veces con un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno, aspectos con los que no contó la paciente, terminando en una excepcional invasión intracraneal, implicación poco frecuente en la práctica clínica.

          Translated abstract

          No grupo de câncer de pele não melanoma, o carcinoma espinocelular cutâneo (CEC) é responsável por 25 % dos casos e o segundo mais comum, com uma incidência de 7 a 11 %. O CEC é mais agressivo do que o carcinoma basocelular (CBC), também podem invadir estruturas mais profundas, causando destruição local significativa. Relata-se o caso de uma mulher de 71 anos, intervinda cirurgicamente pelo diagnóstico patológico de moderamente diferenciado de carcinoma de células escamosas no couro cabeludo. Apresentou extensa recorrência local na frente posteriormente com invasão da cabeça e o espaço epidural. O defeito secundário foi feito com retalho e enxerto, tomou-se biopsia, confirmaram-se bordes livres pela patologia, porém um mês depois, a paciente presentou invasão do câncer para o teto da orbita. Faz se relato da cirurgia feita por Cirurgia Plástica e Neurocirurgia. A incidência de câncer de pele tem aumentado nos últimos anos, pelas maiores áreas expostas da pele, porém, sua evolução é detida com a avaliação e tratamento atual. O caso clinico apresenta um paciente com diagnóstico e tratamento tardio, com invasão na cabeça excepcional, situação pouco freqüente na pratica clínica.

          Translated abstract

          Within non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) group, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents 25%, with an incidence over life of 7 to 11%. Epidermoid Carcinnoma is more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma (BCC). It also can invade deep structures, causing significant local destruction. The case of a 71 years old woman, who was previously pathologically diagnosed with moderately differentiated epidermoid carcinoma in the scalp, is reported. There is a high rate of frontal recurrence with invasion to skull and epidural space. Surgery was performed and the secondary defect was repaired with flap and graft. Biopsy showed free edges . However after one month, the patient presented cancer invasion roof of the orbit. The surgical treatment by plastic surgery and neurosurgery is described. The incidence of skin cancer has increased in recent years, because of larger sun-exposed areas and increased longevity. However, its evolution is slowed down most of the times with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, aspects to which the patient had not had access to, ending in exceptional intracranial invasion, rare implication in clinical practice.

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          Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000

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            Analysis of risk factors determining prognosis of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma: a prospective study.

            Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC) are among the most common cancers capable of metastasis. Current Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) staging includes horizontal tumour size, involvement of extradermal structures, and degree of differentiation. The aim of this study was to prospectively analyse the key factors predicting metastasis and local recurrence in cutaneous SCC. We assessed prospectively investigated potential risk factors for metastasis or local recurrence of SCC, previously suggested by retrospective studies and small case series, in 615 white patients. Between Jan 1, 1990, and Dec 31, 2001, all patients underwent surgery for cutaneous SCC with complete histological examination of the three-dimensional excision margins (3D-histology) in one centre. Univariate and multivariate analysis included tumour thickness, horizontal size, body site, histological differentiation, desmoplastic growth, history of multiple SCC, and immunosuppression. Primary endpoints were time to metastasis and time to local recurrence, defined as the time from date of diagnosis of the primary tumour to the date of diagnosis of metastasis or local recurrence, respectively. 653 patients were enrolled in the study. 38 patients were lost to follow-up leaving 615 assessable patients (median age 73 years [range 27-98]). During a median follow-up period of 43 months (range 1-165), 26 (4%) of 615 patients developed metastases and 20 patients developed local recurrence (3%). Tumours 2.0 mm or less in thickness did not metastasise. Metastases occurred in 12 (4%) of 318 tumours between 2.1 mm and 6.0 mm in thickness, and in 14 (16%) of 90 tumours with a thickness greater than 6.0 mm. On multivariate analysis, key prognostic factors for metastasis were increased tumour thickness (hazard ratio 4.79 [95% CI 2.22-10.36]; p<0.0001), immunosuppression (4.32 [1.62-11.52]; p=0.0035), localisation at the ear (3.61 [1.51-8.67]; p=0.0040), and increased horizontal size (2.22 [1.18-4.15]; p=0.0128). The risk of local recurrence depended on increased tumour thickness (6.03 [2.71-13.43]; p<0.0001) and desmoplasia (16.11 [6.57-39.49]; p<0.0001). Only SCC greater than 2.0 mm in thickness are associated with a significant risk of metastasis. Tumours greater than 6.0 mm are associated with a high risk of metastasis and local recurrence. Desmoplastic growth is an independent risk factor for local recurrence. Studies should assess the role of follow-up visits and sentinel-lymph-node biopsy in high-risk patients.
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              Cutaneous ultraviolet exposure and its relationship to the development of skin cancer.

              Skin cancer is becoming an increasingly important public health problem. Multiple studies have now demonstrated a relationship between ultraviolet exposure and increased risk of developing skin cancer. However, the specifics of that association are somewhat different for malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. A better understanding of the mechanisms that allow cutaneous ultraviolet radiation to induce neoplasia will result in the development of better future sun-protection agents and strategies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                med
                Revista Med
                rev.fac.med
                Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Facultad de Medicina (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0121-5256
                1909-7700
                June 2014
                : 22
                : 1
                : 50-57
                Affiliations
                [02] Pereira Risaralda orgnameUniversidad Tecnológica de Pereira orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [01] Pereira Risaralda orgnameHospital Universitario San Jorge orgdiv1Servicio Neurocirugía Colombia
                Article
                S0121-52562014000100007 S0121-5256(14)02200107
                88540010-e429-4503-932f-32b26a649d01

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 September 2013
                : 09 December 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos

                Squamous Cell Carcinoma,hueso parietal,hueso frontal,cuero cabelludo,cirugía plástica,Carcinoma de células escamosas,parietal bone,frontal bone,scalp,plastic surgery,osso parietal,osso frontal,couro cabeludo,cirurgia plástica

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