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      Fotossíntese e taxa diária de produção de forragem em pastagens de capim-tanzânia sob lotação intermitente Translated title: Photosynthesis and daily forage productivity of Tanzania guinea grass pastures under rotational stocking

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da intensidade de pastejo na taxa diária de acúmulo de forragem e na fotossíntese foliar líquida do capim-tanzânia, em pastagens manejadas sob lotação intermitente. O experimento foi conduzido de novembro de 1999 a outubro de 2000, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos experimentais foram três quantidades de massa de forragem verde remanescente (1.000, 2.500 e 4.000 kg ha -1), aplicados em ciclos de pastejo de 36 dias (33 de descanso e 3 de ocupação). A taxa diária de acúmulo de forragem não sofreu efeito da intensidade de pastejo e, com exceção no inverno, foi mais elevada nos primeiros 11 dias da rebrotação e nos períodos com temperaturas mais elevadas. A fotossíntese foliar líquida também não sofreu efeito da intensidade de pastejo (média de 23,2 µmol m -2 s -1 de CO2) e aumentou no decorrer da rebrotação, com os maiores valores entre o 11º e o 22º dias de rebrotação, nas diferentes épocas do ano. A fotossíntese foliar líquida variou com as alterações ocorridas na estrutura do dossel, durante o desenvolvimento das folhas. A utilização de períodos de descanso fixos impediu que houvesse alterações na taxa de acúmulo de forragem causadas pela intensidade de pastejo.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of grazing intensity on forage accumulation rate and on net leaf photosynthesis of Tanzania guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pastures under rotational stocking. The experiment was carried out from November 1999 to October 2000, in a randomized complete block experimental design, with four replications. Treatments were three levels of residual green forage biomass (1,000, 2,500, and 4,000 kg ha -1) in grazing cycles of 36 days (33 days of rest and 3 days of grazing). Forage accumulation rate was not affected by grazing intensities, and it was highest in the first 11 days of regrowth during the periods of the highest temperatures. Net leaf photosynthesis was not affected by grazing intensity (mean 23.2 µmol m -2 s -1 CO2) and increased during regrowth with the highest values between the 11th and the 22nd days of rest, depending on the season of the year. Net leaf photosynthesis was correlated with sward structure changes, during leaf development. The use of fixed rest periods avoided alterations of forage accumulation rate caused by grazing intensity.

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          Sistema brasi-leiro de classificação de solos

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            Which functional processes control the short-term effect of grazing on net primary production in grasslands?

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              Photosynthetic light response of the C4 grasses Brachiaria brizantha and B. humidicola under shade

              Forage grasses in tropical pastures can be subjected to considerable diurnal and seasonal reductions in available light. To evaluate the physiological behavior of the tropical forage grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and B. humidicola to low light, the photosynthetic light response and chlorophyll contents of these species were compared for plants grown outdoors, on natural soil, in pots, in full sunlight and those shaded to 30 % of full sunlight, over a 30-day period. Both species showed the ability to adjust their photosynthetic behavior in response to shade. Photosynthetic capacity and light compensation point were lower for shade plants of both species, while apparent quantum yield was unaffected by the light regime. Dark respiration and chlorophyll a:b ratio were significantly reduced by shading only in B. humidicola. B. humidicola could be relatively more adapted to succeed, at least temporarily, in light-limited environments.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Informação Tecnológica (Brasília )
                1678-3921
                January 2009
                : 44
                : 1
                : 84-91
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos Brazil
                Article
                S0100-204X2009000100012
                10.1590/S0100-204X2009000100012
                882d9add-bb75-4fb5-a344-9663e39eba28

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-204X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Animal agriculture,General agriculture
                leaf area index,sward height,Panicum maximum,índice de área foliar,massa de forragem,sward structure,forage mass,altura do dossel,estrutura do dossel

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