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      • Record: found
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      A protocol to convert spatial polyline data to network formats and applications to world urban road networks

      data-paper

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The study of geographical systems as graphs, and networks has gained significant momentum in the academic literature as these systems possess measurable and relevant network properties. Crowd-based sources of data such as OpenStreetMaps (OSM) have created a wealth of worldwide geographic information including on transportation systems (e.g., road networks). In this work, we offer a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) protocol to transfer polyline data into a workable network format in the form of; a node layer, an edge layer, and a list of nodes/edges with relevant geographic information (e.g., length). Moreover, we have developed an ArcGIS tool to perform this protocol on OSM data, which we have applied to 80 urban areas in the world and made the results freely available. The tool accounts for crossover roads such as ramps and bridges. A separate tool is also made available for planar data and can be applied to any line features in ArcGIS.

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          Network Centrality of Metro Systems

          Sybil Derrible (2012)
          Whilst being hailed as the remedy to the world’s ills, cities will need to adapt in the 21st century. In particular, the role of public transport is likely to increase significantly, and new methods and technics to better plan transit systems are in dire need. This paper examines one fundamental aspect of transit: network centrality. By applying the notion of betweenness centrality to 28 worldwide metro systems, the main goal of this paper is to study the emergence of global trends in the evolution of centrality with network size and examine several individual systems in more detail. Betweenness was notably found to consistently become more evenly distributed with size (i.e. no “winner takes all”) unlike other complex network properties. Two distinct regimes were also observed that are representative of their structure. Moreover, the share of betweenness was found to decrease in a power law with size (with exponent 1 for the average node), but the share of most central nodes decreases much slower than least central nodes (0.87 vs. 2.48). Finally the betweenness of individual stations in several systems were examined, which can be useful to locate stations where passengers can be redistributed to relieve pressure from overcrowded stations. Overall, this study offers significant insights that can help planners in their task to design the systems of tomorrow, and similar undertakings can easily be imagined to other urban infrastructure systems (e.g., electricity grid, water/wastewater system, etc.) to develop more sustainable cities.
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            • Record: found
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            Roads and cities of 18th century France

            Julien Perret, Maurizio Gribaudi, Marc Barthelemy (2015)
            The evolution of infrastructure networks such as roads and streets are of utmost importance to understand the evolution of urban systems. However, datasets describing these spatial objects are rare and sparse. The database presented here represents the road network at the french national level described in the historical map of Cassini in the 18th century. The digitization of this historical map is based on a collaborative methodology that we describe in detail. This dataset can be used for a variety of interdisciplinary studies, covering multiple spatial resolutions and ranging from history, geography, urban economics to network science.
            Article 0 comments Cited 8 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Author and article information

              Journal
              Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Data
              Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Data
              Title: Scientific Data
              Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
              ISSN (Electronic): 2052-4463
              Publication date (Electronic): 21 June 2016
              Publication date Collection: 2016
              Volume: 3
              Electronic Location Identifier: 160046
              Affiliations
              [1 ]Complex and Sustainable Urban Networks (CSUN) Lab, Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
              [2 ]School of Architecture, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, USA
              Author notes
              [a ]A.Karduni (email: akarduni@ 123456uncc.edu )
              [b ]A.Kermanshah (email: akerma2@ 123456uic.edu ).
              []

              Conceived and designed the tool: A.Kar, A.Ker and S.D. Gathering the data: A.Kar, A.Ker and S.D. Preparing the data set: A.Kar, A.Ker and S.D. Wrote the paper: A.Kar, A.Ker and S.D.

              Author information
              http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9719-7513
              Article
              Publisher Item ID: sdata201646
              DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.46
              PMC ID: 4915275
              PubMed ID: 27327129
              SO-VID: 880fe47b-4d63-456c-847d-cd89c0941701
              Copyright © Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited
              License:

              This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Metadata associated with this Data Descriptor is available at http://www.nature.com/sdata/ and is released under the CC0 waiver to maximize reuse.

              History
              Date received : 25 January 2016
              Date accepted : 12 May 2016
              Related
              Categories
              Subject: Data Descriptor

              Keywords: environmental sciences,geography,civil engineering
              Data availability:
              Keywords: environmental sciences, geography, civil engineering

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