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      Personal Exposure to Total VOC is Associated With Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis in Schoolchildren

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          Abstract

          Background

          The urinary levels of volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites provide individual exposure levels compared to data obtained by measuring these compounds in ambient air. We aimed to investigate the association between personal urinary concentrations of VOC metabolites and symptoms of atopic dermatitis in schoolchildren.

          Methods

          Nine urinary VOC metabolites were analyzed from urine samples of 149 children. Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was determined using standardized questionnaires. Pediatricians visited the schools and rated the severity of symptoms using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) in all children.

          Results

          Forty-five children (30.2%) had atopic dermatitis based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) results and 35 children (23.8%) had symptoms of atopic dermatitis with positive SCORAD index values (defined as SCORAD ≥ 5). Children with benzylmercapturic acid detected in personal urines were associated with presence of atopic dermatitis and positive SCORAD index values. Children in the highest quartile of mandelic acid concentration were associated with presence of atopic dermatitis and positive SCORAD results.

          Conclusion

          Personal exposure to VOCs, as indicated by urinary levels of VOC metabolites, was associated with presence of atopic dermatitis and the SCORAD index value.

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          Most cited references32

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          The role of air pollutants in atopic dermatitis.

          Kangmo Ahn (2014)
          Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease and a growing health concern, especially in children, because of its high prevalence and associated low quality of life. Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, or interactions between them contribute to the pathophysiology of AD. Therefore, it is very important to identify and control risk factors from the environment in susceptible subjects for successful treatment and prevention. Both indoor and outdoor air pollution, which are of increasing concern with urbanization, are well-known environmental risk factors for asthma, whereas there is relatively little evidence in AD. This review highlights epidemiologic and experimental data on the role of air pollution in patients with AD. Recent evidence suggests that a variety of air pollutants, such as environmental tobacco smoke, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, toluene, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter, act as risk factors for the development or aggravation of AD. These air pollutants probably induce oxidative stress in the skin, leading to skin barrier dysfunction or immune dysregulation. However, these results are still controversial because of the low number of studies, limitations in study design, inaccurate assessment of exposure and absorption, and many other issues. Further research about the adverse effects of air pollution on AD will help to expand our understanding and to establish a better strategy for the prevention and management of AD.
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            Long-term exposure to close-proximity air pollution and asthma and allergies in urban children.

            The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of urban air pollution, assessed through reliable indicators of exposure, on asthma and allergies in schoolchildren. A validated dispersion model combining data on traffic conditions, topography, meteorology and background pollution was used to relate 3-yrs averaged concentrations of major urban pollutants at the sites of schools to skin prick tests, exercise-induced asthma and reported asthma and allergies in 6,683 children (9-11 yrs) attending 108 schools randomly selected in six French communities. For the 4,907 children who had resided at their current address for the past 3 yrs, asthma (exercise induced, past year and lifetime) was significantly positively associated with benzene, SO(2), particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM(10)), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and CO. In the same children, eczema (lifetime and past year) was significantly positively associated with benzene, PM(10), NO(2), NO(x) and CO, lifetime allergic rhinitis with PM(10) and sensitisation to pollens with benzene and PM(10). Among the 2,213 children residing at their current address since birth, the associations persisted for lifetime asthma with benzene (adjusted OR per interquartile range (95% CI) 1.3 (1.0-1.9)) and PM(10 )(1.4 (1.0-2.0)), and for sensitisation to pollens with volatile organic compounds (1.3 (1.0-1.9)) and PM(10) (1.2 (1.0-1.9)). Accurately modelled urban air pollution was associated with some measures of childhood asthma and allergies.
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              • Article: not found

              Symptoms of atopic dermatitis are influenced by outdoor air pollution.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Korean Med Sci
                J Korean Med Sci
                JKMS
                Journal of Korean Medical Science
                The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences
                1011-8934
                1598-6357
                16 February 2022
                28 February 2022
                : 37
                : 8
                : e63
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
                [2 ]Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
                [3 ]Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
                [4 ]Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
                [5 ]Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul, Korea.
                [6 ]Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of medicine, Suwon, Korea.
                [7 ]Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
                Author notes
                Address for Correspondence: Man Yong Han, MD. Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59, Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea. drmesh@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-5729
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-0753
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-9921
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-7067
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5208
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0128-065X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3227-5511
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9077-5779
                Article
                10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e63
                8885456
                35226421
                87a69f71-f650-4cde-a763-b155444fe2bd
                © 2022 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 29 September 2021
                : 17 January 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Seongnam Atopy Project for Children Happiness
                Award ID: SAP2017
                Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725;
                Award ID: NRF2020R1F1A1076452
                Categories
                Original Article
                Immunology, Allergic Disorders & Rheumatology

                Medicine
                volatile organic compounds,urinary metabolite,atopic dermatitis
                Medicine
                volatile organic compounds, urinary metabolite, atopic dermatitis

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