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      Nonreciprocal interactions in crowd dynamics: Investigating the impact of moving threats on pedestrian speed preferences

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          Summary

          This research on pedestrian dynamics during mass stabbing incidents provides practical guidelines to enhance public safety. The study discovered that evacuees increase their speed when threatened, but decelerate once they are beyond a specific distance from the threat. Experiments conducted in various scenarios, including single and double exits, as well as obstructed exits, demonstrated that multiple exits help prevent blockages, and unobstructed paths ensure evacuees can evade attackers more effectively. The research also identified threat zones that influence movement patterns. These findings indicate that designing public spaces with multiple, unobstructed exits and instructing the public on rapid, composed evacuation can help mitigate casualties during such incidents.

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          Most cited references34

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          Simulating dynamical features of escape panic.

          One of the most disastrous forms of collective human behaviour is the kind of crowd stampede induced by panic, often leading to fatalities as people are crushed or trampled. Sometimes this behaviour is triggered in life-threatening situations such as fires in crowded buildings; at other times, stampedes can arise during the rush for seats or seemingly without cause. Although engineers are finding ways to alleviate the scale of such disasters, their frequency seems to be increasing with the number and size of mass events. But systematic studies of panic behaviour and quantitative theories capable of predicting such crowd dynamics are rare. Here we use a model of pedestrian behaviour to investigate the mechanisms of (and preconditions for) panic and jamming by uncoordinated motion in crowds. Our simulations suggest practical ways to prevent dangerous crowd pressures. Moreover, we find an optimal strategy for escape from a smoke-filled room, involving a mixture of individualistic behaviour and collective 'herding' instinct.
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            Everyone for themselves? A comparative study of crowd solidarity among emergency survivors.

            Crowd behaviour in emergencies has previously been explained in terms of either 'mass panic' or strength of pre-existing social bonds. The present paper reports results from a study comparing high- versus low-identification emergency mass emergency survivors to test the interlinked claims (1) that shared identity in an emergency crowd enhances expressions of solidarity and reduces 'panic' behaviour and (2) that such a shared identity can arise from the shared experience of the emergency itself. Qualitative and descriptive quantitative analyses were carried out on interviews with 21 survivors of 11 emergencies. The analysis broadly supports these two claims. The study therefore points to the usefulness of a new approach to mass emergency behaviour, based on self-categorization theory (SCT).
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              Pedestrian route-choice and activity scheduling theory and models

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
                Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
                Elsevier BV
                0968090X
                May 2024
                May 2024
                : 162
                : 104586
                Article
                10.1016/j.trc.2024.104586
                86b67f47-9b71-4687-a320-4189314fd857
                © 2024

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

                https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-017

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-012

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-004

                History

                The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
                Technical & Applied physics,General engineering,Engineering,General behavioral science,Nonlinear & Complex systems,Physics
                Public Safety,Mass stabbing,Terrorist attacks,Safety,Physics and Society,Pedestrian dynamics
                The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
                Technical & Applied physics, General engineering, Engineering, General behavioral science, Nonlinear & Complex systems, Physics
                Public Safety, Mass stabbing, Terrorist attacks, Safety, Physics and Society, Pedestrian dynamics

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