Chemical Constituents and Biologic Activities of Sage Species: A Comparison between  Salvia officinalis  L.,  S. glutinosa  L. and  S. transsylvanica (Schur ex Griseb. & Schenk) Schur

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Abstract

Even though Salvia genus is one of the most known and studied taxa of Lamiaceae family, the knowledge regarding the chemical composition and health-related benefits of some locally used Salvia species (mostly endemic) is still scarce. In this regard, the present work aims to evaluate the chemical profile and potential bioactivities of 70% ( v/v) ethanolic extracts obtained from the less-studied S. transsylvanica and S. glutinosa in comparison with S. officinalis. HPLC-PDA analysis revealed the presence of rutin and catechin as the main compounds in the extracts of the three studied species (using the employed HPLC method), whereas the presence of naringenin was highlighted only in S. glutinosa extract. Chlorogenic acid, rutin and quercetin were identified and quantified for the first time in S. transsylvanica extracts. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of each extract was tested through complementary methods (phosphomolybdenum assay, DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and FRAP assays), and correlated with the presence of phenolics (especially flavonoids) in high amounts. The neuroprotective and antidiabetic abilities of S. officinalis (the most active as AChE, BChE and α-glucosidase inhibitor), S. glutinosa (the most active as α-amylase inhibitor) and S. transsylvanica were also studied. For each extract it was determined the antimicrobial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects using in vitro assays. The obtained results confirm the potential of S. transsylvanica and S. glutinosa as promising sources of bioactive compounds and as a starting point for further analyses.

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A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria.

J Eloff (1998)

Agar diffusion techniques are used widely to assay plant extracts for antimicrobial activity, but there are problems associated with this technique. A micro-dilution technique was developed using 96-well microplates and tetrazolium salts to indicate bacterial growth. p-Iodonitrotetrazolium violet [0.2 mg/ml] gave better results than tetrazolium red or thiazolyl blue. The method is quick, worked well with Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli and with non-aqueous extracts from many different plants. The method gave reproducible results; required only 10-25 microliters of extract to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations, distinguished between microcidal and microstatic effects, and provided a permanent record of the results. Using S. aureus, and a Combretum molle extract, the technique was 32 times more sensitive than agar diffusion techniques and was not sensitive to culture age of the test organism up to 24 hours. The S. aureus culture could be stored up to 10 days in a cold room with little effect on the assay results. This method was useful in screening plants for antimicrobial activity and for the bioassay-guided isolation of antimicrobial compounds from plants. MIC values determined for sulfisoxazole, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and nitrofuratoin were similar to values indicated in the literature but values obtained with trimethroprim and ampicillin were higher with some bacteria.

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Pseudomonas biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are linked to phenotypic variation.

Eliana Drenkard, Frederick M. Ausubel (2002)

Colonization of the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the principal cause of mortality in CF populations. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections generally persist despite the use of long-term antibiotic therapy. This has been explained by postulating that P. aeruginosa forms an antibiotic-resistant biofilm consisting of bacterial communities embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix. Alternatively, it has been proposed that resistant P. aeruginosa variants may be selected in the CF respiratory tract by antimicrobial therapy itself. Here we report that both explanations are correct, and are interrelated. We found that antibiotic-resistant phenotypic variants of P. aeruginosa with enhanced ability to form biofilms arise at high frequency both in vitro and in the lungs of CF patients. We also identified a regulatory protein (PvrR) that controls the conversion between antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible forms. Compounds that affect PvrR function could have an important role in the treatment of CF infections.

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Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components

Ahmad Ghorbani, Mahdi Esmaeilizadeh (2017)

Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a plant in the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae. It is native to Middle East and Mediterranean areas, but today has been naturalized throughout the world. In folk medicine, S. officinalis has been used for the treatment of different kinds of disorders including seizure, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, inflammation, dizziness, tremor, paralysis, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. In recent years, this plant has been a subject of intensive studies to document its traditional use and to find new biological effects. These studies have revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities for S. officinalis. Present review highlights the up-to-date information on the pharmacological findings that have been frequently reported for S. officinalis. These findings include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Also, chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological effects of S. officinalis and the clinical studies on this plant are presented and discussed.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Antioxidants (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Antioxidants (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): antioxidants

Title: Antioxidants

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2076-3921

Publication date (Electronic): 02 June 2020

Publication date Collection: June 2020

Volume: 9

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: 480

Affiliations

[1 ]Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; mocan.andrei@ 123456umfcluj.ro (A.M.); mihai.babota@ 123456umfcluj.ro (M.B.); anca.pop@ 123456umfcluj.ro (A.P.); ionel.fizesan@ 123456umfcluj.ro (I.F.); rpaltinean@ 123456umfcluj.ro (R.P.); gcrisan@ 123456umfcluj.ro (G.C.)

[2 ]Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti—Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; adyuzheva@ 123456gmail.com (A.D.); m.locatelli@ 123456unich.it (M.L.); simone.carradori@ 123456unich.it (S.C.); cristina.campestre@ 123456unich.it (C.C.)

[3 ]Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

[4 ]Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; mris@ 123456ibiss.bg.ac.rs

[5 ]Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus/Konya, 42250 Konya, Turkey; gokhanzengin@ 123456selcuk.edu.tr

[6 ]Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; alexandru@ 123456transsilvanica.net

[7 ]Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; dan.vodnar@ 123456usamvcluj.ro

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: luigi.menghini@ 123456unich.it (L.M.); cristian.sisea@ 123456usamvcluj.ro (C.R.S.)

[†]

These authors share the same contribution and should be both seen as first authors.

[‡]

Current affiliation: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic.

Author information

Andrei Mocan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-8457

Alina Diuzheva https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-1634

Marcello Locatelli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-825X

Simone Carradori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-9440

Cristina Campestre https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5870-7509

Luigi Menghini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7346-7395

Marina Sokovic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-756X

Gokhan Zengin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-7823

Dan C. Vodnar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-8071

Article

Publisher ID: antioxidants-09-00480

DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060480

PMC ID: 7346212

PubMed ID: 32498441

SO-VID: 86ae7df1-a4ef-40e5-bdc5-944c3e95e030

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Chemical Constituents and Biologic Activities of Sage Species: A Comparison between Salvia officinalis L., S. glutinosa L. and S. transsylvanica (Schur ex Griseb. & Schenk) Schur

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Alternative approaches to Alzheimer's Disease

Most cited references 43

A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria.

Pseudomonas biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are linked to phenotypic variation.

Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components

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