Maxillofacial Materials Reinforced with Various Concentrations of Polyhedral Silsesquioxanes

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Abstract

This study evaluates two mechanical properties, tensile strength and tear strength, of maxillofacial materials reinforced with functional polyhedral silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0% (mass/mass) loading. Adding POSS was found to significantly affect the overall tensile strength and extensibility of the maxillofacial material. Significant differences were found in mean peak load ( p = .050) and extension before failure ( p = .050), respectively, between concentrations of 0% and 5%. For tear resistance, a significant difference was observed in mean load ( p = .002) between concentrations of 1% and 5%. Significant differences were also observed in extension before failure between concentrations of 0% and 1% ( p = .002) and between 0% and 2% ( p = .002). Increased resistance to tensile or shearing stresses could lead to greater clinical longevity. The following results suggest that functional nanoparticles can be used to improve properties without compromising clinical handling.

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Most cited references 27

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Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes: Building Blocks for Silsesquioxane-Based Polymers and Hybrid Materials

Joseph Lichtenhan (1995)

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Interactions of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of MDX4-4210/type A maxillofacial elastomers subjected to artificial aging.

T Mekayarajjananonth, CHRISTOPHER M. CHAMBERS, Stephen J. Powers … (2006)

The color instability and degradation of maxillofacial elastomers limit the function and cosmetic quality of facial prostheses. The purpose of this study was to measure the interactions of oil pigments plus dry earth opacifiers at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume in stabilizing the color of MDX4-4210/type A silicone elastomers before and after artificial aging. In the first part of the study, each of 5 opacifiers (Georgia kaolin powder neutral, kaolin powder calcined, Artskin white, dry pigment titanium (Ti) white, or Ti white artists' oil color) at 10% concentrations were combined with each of 5 oil pigment types (no pigment, cadmium-barium red deep, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, or a mixture of the 3 pigments), for a total of 25 experimental groups of elastomers. In the second part of the study, 50 experimental groups of elastomers were made by combining 1 of 5 opacifiers at 5% and 15% concentrations with 1 of 5 oil pigments as in Part 1. Five specimens of each elastomer were tested, for a total of 375 specimens. In each part of the study, all specimens were aged in an artificial aging chamber. CIE L*a*b* values were measured by a spectrophotometer. The color differences (DeltaE*) were subjected to repeated-measures analysis of variance. Mean values were compared by Tukey-Kramer intervals (alpha = .05). In Part 1, when the opacifiers were tested at 10% concentration, Ti white oil color had the most color change, and dry pigment Ti white had the least; all other opacifiers were not significantly different from each other. In Part 2, at 5%, Ti white oil color had the most color change; all other opacifiers were not significantly different from the others. At 15%, Ti white oil color again had the most color change, followed by Artskin white, kaolin powder calcined, and Georgia kaolin; Ti white dry earth pigment had the least color change. Overall, 5% Artskin white had less color change than the 15%, whereas 15% dry pigment Ti white had less color change than the 5% (P < .001). The 5% and 15% of other opacifiers were not significantly different. At all 3 concentrations, oil pigments mixed with opacifiers helped protect the MDX4-4210/type A silicone elastomer from color degradation over time. Dry pigment Ti white remained the most color stable over time, followed by the pigments mixed with kaolin powder calcined, Georgia kaolin, Artskin white, and Ti white artists' oil color.

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An assessment of recent advances in external maxillofacial materials.

D.H. Lewis, D.J. Castleberry (1980)

A variety of new materials representing several polymer classes and diverse fabrication procedures are now becoming available for use as external maxillofacial prostheses. Because of the availability of these materials, the severely disfigured patient can now be provided an opportunity to elad a near-normal life in today's society. Remarkable advancements have been made in providing the patient with prostheses which feel and look more like skin. Progress has also been made in simplifying fabrication procedures, thus reducing cost. Much remains to be done in materials research. Processing time is still too long for most of the materials. Some of the materials give variable results in the quality and stability of the prostheses because of sensitivity to contaminants and to lab conditions and operator technique. Extrinsic coloration is extremely tedious and diffult with many of the products. The fitting and attachment of the prosthesis to the patient continues to need much improvement. Margins are difficult to mask even with the best materials. Large prostheses of most of the materials are much too heavy and are poorly retained. Staining of the prostheses by foods, cosmetics, and tobacco is a serious problem. The need for an improved material has been recognized by various government agencies and a few of the industrial suppliers of synthetic polymers. Additional advances are sure to result from these efforts.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Dent Biomech

Journal ID (publisher-id): JDB

Title: Journal of Dental Biomechanics

Publisher: SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research

ISSN (Electronic): 1758-7360

Publication date Collection: 2010

Publication date (Electronic): 20 July 2010

Volume: 2010

Electronic Location Identifier: 701845

Affiliations

¹Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

²Division of Oral Facial Prosthetics/Dental Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1225, USA

³Department of Statistics, Auxiliary Faculty, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

⁴College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

Author notes

*Scott R. Schricker: schricker.1@ 123456osu.edu

Academic Editor: Martyn Sherriff

Article

DOI: 10.4061/2010/701845

PMC ID: 2958363

PubMed ID: 20981354

SO-VID: 8669bf5b-e30e-446a-a6e3-70d0701d184d

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 27 October 2009

Date accepted : 21 June 2010

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