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      Diversidade clínica e laboratorial no haplótipo bantu da anemia falciforme Translated title: Clinical and laboratorial diversity in the bantu haplotype of sickle cell anemia

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          Abstract

          Muitos fatores são responsáveis pela diversidade de sintomas nos pacientes de anemia falciforme, entre eles: sexo, idade, haplótipos e nível de hemoglobina fetal. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a diversidade clínica e laboratorial dentro do haplótipo bantu. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo onde foram avaliados 18 crianças e adolescentes portadores de anemia falciforme e homozigóticos para o haplótipo bantu, relacionando sexo e idade com as características clínicas e laboratoriais, além de relacioná-las diretamente entre si. As amostras foram do tipo casuais simples. O tamanho da amostra teve uma variação de freqüência para o evento de 30% a 65% e nível de confiança de 99,9%. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas através do programa EPIINFO, versão 6.04b, com erro a de 5%. A faixa etária de 01 a 11 anos teve um maior número de infecções que a faixa de 12 a 19, além de níveis mais altos de hemoglobina fetal. Os valores do hematócrito foram maiores no sexo feminino. Níveis mais elevados de hemoglobina A2 foram relacionados com maior número de infecções, enquanto níveis mais elevados de hemo­globina fetal foram relacionados com maiores valores de hematócrito e menor número de crises álgicas/ano de acompanhamento. O número de transfusões/ano teve correlação positiva com o número de crises álgicas, de infecções e de inter­namentos. Este estudo sugere que há uma diversidade clínica e laboratorial dentro do haplótipo bantu e possivelmente está relacionado com o sexo, a idade e os níveis de hemoglobina fetal e A2 dos pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          Several factors have been identified as possibly being responsible for the diversity of sickle cell anemia patients’ symptoms, including gender, age, haplotypes and hemoglobin F levels. The aim of this paper is to verify the clinical and laboratorial diversity of the Bantu haplotype. A descriptive study was performed of eighteen children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia and homozygous for the Bantu haplotype. Gender and age were assessed in respect to clinical and laboratorial features. Statistical analysis of the results was achieved using the EPIINFO program version 6.04. Children from 1 to 11 years old had more infections than adolescents from 12 to 19 and higher levels of hemoglobin F. The hematocrit was higher in girls. Higher levels of hemoglobin A2 were related to more infections, and higher levels of hemoglobin F were related to hematocrit values and lower numbers of infections and periods in hospital. This study suggests that there is diversity within the Bantu haplotype, which is possibly related to gender, age and hemoglobin A2 and hemoglobin F levels of patients.

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          Sickle Cell Disease

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            The peopling of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea): origins of slave settlers and admixture with the Portuguese.

            The geographic origins of African slave settlers and the Portuguese genetic contribution to the population of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea) were assessed through the analysis of beta-globin haplotypes in 44 chromosomes bearing the betaS allele and through the study of the genetic variation in eight autosomal markers (APOA1, AT3, FY, LPL, OCA2, RB1, Sb19.3, and GC) informative for admixture in a sample of 224 individuals. The observed betaS haplotype distribution (36.4% Bantu, 52.3% Benin, 4.5% Cameroon, 4.5% Senegal, and 2.3% atypical) is in accordance with the historical information on the major geographic sources of slave settlers of São Tomé, although it captures a more important contribution of Central-West Africa regions than previously anticipated. European admixture, estimated to be 10.7 +/- 0.9%, has created a considerable level of genetic structure, as indicated by the finding of significant linkage disequilibrium between 33% of unlinked marker loci pairs. Recent admixture was found to have an important contribution to these values, since removal of individuals with Portuguese or Cape Verdian parents or grandparents from the sample dropped the miscegenation level to 6.5 +/- 0.8% and reduced significant linkage disequilibrium to 11% of unlinked marker pairs. Taken together, these results indicate that the peopling of São Tomé might have provided one of the first examples of the combination of diverse African contributions and European admixture that emerged from the overseas population relocations promoted by the Atlantic slave trade.
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              Fetal hemoglobin and clinical severity of homozygous sickle cell disease in early childhood.

              The relationship of the clinical features of homozygous sickle cell disease in the first two years of life to the level of fetal hemoglobin at age 6 months was investigated. Mean HgbF levels were significantly lower in children manifesting early palpable splenomegaly, dactylitis, acute splenic sequestration, and in those who died. The risks of dactylitis and ASS were significantly greater in patients with lower HgbF levels. Since early splenomegaly itself may increase the risks of ASS, infection, and death, the relationship of HgbF to these features was further analyzed within the early splenomegaly group. The results suggest that a low HgbF may have a direct effect on the etiology of ASS, but any effect on infection or death is probably mediated via its relationship with the appearance of a palpable spleen. A protective effect of a high HgbF on the risk of dactylitis was demonstrated coincident with the accepted theory of its pathogenesis. Early HgbF determinations may be of value in identifying patients at high risk of serious complications during infancy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbhh
                Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia
                Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter.
                Associação Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular (São Paulo )
                1806-0870
                March 2006
                : 28
                : 1
                : 40-44
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Universitária de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Alagoas
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Sergipe Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1516-84842006000100010
                10.1590/S1516-84842006000100010
                8652284f-f9a3-4099-81dc-48311e9c9362

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-8484&lng=en
                Categories
                HEMATOLOGY
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

                Medicine,Hematology
                Haplotype,anemia,sickle cell,Bantu,clinical,Haplótipo,falciforme,bantu,clínica
                Medicine, Hematology
                Haplotype, anemia, sickle cell, Bantu, clinical, Haplótipo, falciforme, bantu, clínica

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