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      A Hybrid Mock Circulatory Loop for Fluid Dynamic Characterization of 3D Anatomical Phantoms

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          Is Open Access

          Computational fluid dynamics modelling in cardiovascular medicine

          This paper reviews the methods, benefits and challenges associated with the adoption and translation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling within cardiovascular medicine. CFD, a specialist area of mathematics and a branch of fluid mechanics, is used routinely in a diverse range of safety-critical engineering systems, which increasingly is being applied to the cardiovascular system. By facilitating rapid, economical, low-risk prototyping, CFD modelling has already revolutionised research and development of devices such as stents, valve prostheses, and ventricular assist devices. Combined with cardiovascular imaging, CFD simulation enables detailed characterisation of complex physiological pressure and flow fields and the computation of metrics which cannot be directly measured, for example, wall shear stress. CFD models are now being translated into clinical tools for physicians to use across the spectrum of coronary, valvular, congenital, myocardial and peripheral vascular diseases. CFD modelling is apposite for minimally-invasive patient assessment. Patient-specific (incorporating data unique to the individual) and multi-scale (combining models of different length- and time-scales) modelling enables individualised risk prediction and virtual treatment planning. This represents a significant departure from traditional dependence upon registry-based, population-averaged data. Model integration is progressively moving towards ‘digital patient’ or ‘virtual physiological human’ representations. When combined with population-scale numerical models, these models have the potential to reduce the cost, time and risk associated with clinical trials. The adoption of CFD modelling signals a new era in cardiovascular medicine. While potentially highly beneficial, a number of academic and commercial groups are addressing the associated methodological, regulatory, education- and service-related challenges.
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            An artificial arterial system for pumping hearts.

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              Outflow boundary conditions for three-dimensional finite element modeling of blood flow and pressure in arteries

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
                IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
                Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
                0018-9294
                1558-2531
                May 2023
                May 2023
                : 70
                : 5
                : 1651-1661
                Affiliations
                [1 ]BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio and Mines Saint-Etienne, Italy
                [2 ]BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Italy
                [3 ]Mines Saint-Etienne, France
                [4 ]BioCardioLab, Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Massa, Italy
                Article
                10.1109/TBME.2022.3224581
                36423318
                8651488d-60c4-4ccb-adb5-e7a99eebf45f
                © 2023

                https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037

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