Work, sleep, and cholesterol levels of U.S. long-haul truck drivers

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Abstract

Long-haul truck drivers in the United States experience elevated cardiovascular health risks, possibly due to hypercholesterolemia. The current study has two objectives: 1) to generate a cholesterol profile for U.S. long-haul truck drivers; and 2) to determine the influence of work organization characteristics and sleep quality and duration on cholesterol levels of long-haul truck drivers. Survey and biometric data were collected from 262 long-haul truck drivers. Descriptive analyses were performed for demographic, work organization, sleep, and cholesterol measures. Linear regression and ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine for possible predictive relationships between demographic, work organization, and sleep variables, and cholesterol outcomes. The majority (66.4%) of drivers had a low HDL (<40 mg/dL), and nearly 42% of drivers had a high-risk total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio. Sleep quality was associated with HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol, and daily work hours were associated with LDL cholesterol. Workday sleep duration was associated with non-HDL cholesterol, and driving experience and sleep quality were associated with cholesterol ratio. Long-haul truck drivers have a high risk cholesterol profile, and sleep quality and work organization factors may induce these cholesterol outcomes. Targeted worksite health promotion programs are needed to curb these atherosclerotic risks.

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Most cited references 46

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W. Verschuren, A. Spijkerman, Egbert van Nes … (2011)

We studied sleep duration and sleep quality in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Dutch population-based cohort study. 20,432 men and women aged 20-65 and with no history of CVD. N/A. Sleep duration and sleep quality were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Morbidity data, vital status, and causes of death were obtained through linkage with several national registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. During 10-15 years of follow-up, 1,486 CVD and 1,148 coronary heart disease (CHD) events occurred. Short sleepers (≤ 6 h) had a 15% higher risk of total CVD (HR: 1.15; 95%CI: 1.00-1.32) and a 23% higher risk of CHD (HR: 1.23 [1.04-1.45]) compared to normal sleepers (7 h) after adjustment for all confounders. Additional adjustment for intermediate biological risk factors attenuated these relative risks to 1.11 (0.97-1.27) for total CVD and to 1.19 (1.00-1.40) for CHD. Short sleepers with poor sleep quality had a 63% higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.63 [1.21-2.19]) and a 79% higher risk of CHD incidence (HR: 1.79 [1.24-2.58]) compared to normal sleepers with good sleep quality, after adjustments for all confounders. We observed no associations between long sleep duration (≥ 9 h) and CVD or CHD incidence. Short sleepers, especially those with poor sleep quality, have an increased risk of total CVD and CHD incidence. Future investigations should not only focus on sleep duration, but should also take sleep quality into account.

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Claire C Caruso (2014)

Healthcare organizations often have to provide patient care around the clock. Shift work (any shift outside of 7 a.m. to 6 p.m) and long work hours increase the risk for short sleep duration and sleep disturbances. Thirty-two percent of healthcare workers report they do not get enough sleep. The purpose of the article is to give an overview of the wide range of risks to nurses, patients, and employers that are linked to shift work, long work hours, and poor sleep from other sources. Shift work and long work hours increase the risk for reduced performance on the job, obesity, injuries, and a wide range of chronic diseases. In addition, fatigue-related errors could harm patients. Fatigued nurses also endanger others during their commute to and from work. The key strategy to reduce these risks is making sleep a priority in the employer's systems for organizing work and in the nurse's personal life. © 2013 Association of Rehabilitation Nurses.

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Associations of usual sleep duration with serum lipid and lipoprotein levels.

Makoto Uchiyama, Takashi Ohida, Yoshitaka Kaneita … (2008)

We examined the individual association between sleep duration and a high serum triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol, or high LDL cholesterol level. The present study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey that was conducted in November 2003 by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This survey was conducted on residents in the districts selected randomly from all over Japan. The subjects included in the statistical analysis were 1,666 men and 2,329 women aged 20 years or older. N/A. Among women, both short and long sleep durations are associated with a high serum triglyceride level or a low HDL cholesterol level. Compared with women sleeping 6 to 7 h, the relative risk of a high triglyceride level among women sleeping or =8 h was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.00-2.11); the relative risk of a low HDL cholesterol level among women sleeping or =8 h was 4.27 (95% CI, 1.88-9.72). On the other hand, it was observed that the risk of a high LDL cholesterol level was lower among men sleeping > or =8 h. These analyses were adjusted for the following items: age, blood pressure, body mass index, plasma glucose level, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, psychological stress, and taking cholesterol-lowering medications. Usual sleep duration is closely associated with serum lipid and lipoprotein levels.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ind Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ind Health

Journal ID (publisher-id): INDHEALTH

Title: Industrial Health

Publisher: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan

ISSN (Print): 0019-8366

ISSN (Electronic): 1880-8026

Publication date (Electronic): 30 December 2016

Publication date (Print): March 2017

Volume: 55

Issue: 2

Pages: 149-161

Affiliations

[1 ]Texas A&M University Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, USA

[2 ]Texas A&M University, Department of Health & Kinesiology, USA

[3 ]Appalachian State University, Department of Health & Exercise Science, USA

[4 ]University of North Carolina Greensboro, Department of Kinesiology, USA

[5 ]University of Central Florida, Rosen College of Hospitality Management, USA

Author notes

[*]*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Michael.Lemke@ 123456hlkn.tamu.edu

Article

Publisher ID: 2016-0127

DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2016-0127

PMC ID: 5383412

PubMed ID: 28049935

SO-VID: 85e6510f-8bf3-41cb-9a75-24a2614149b0

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License.

History

Date received : 27 July 2016

Date accepted : 26 December 2016

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