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      Impacto do treino em habilidades de consciência fonológica na escrita de pré-escolares Translated title: Impacto del entreno en habilidades de consciencia fonológica en la escritura de pre-escolares Translated title: The impact of training on phonological awareness skills in writing preschoolers

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          Abstract

          Resumo Pesquisas recentes demonstram que aprender a ler e escrever em uma língua alfabética exige a compreensão da relação entre fonemas e grafemas, o que requer habilidades de segmentação da fala, isto é, consciência fonológica, sendo que tais habilidades têm se mostrado altamente correlacionadas à aprendizagem da língua escrita. Nesta pesquisa tivemos como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção em consciência fonológica sobre o desempenho em tarefas de escrita em 15 pré-escolares, os quais foram submetidos a provas de consciência fonológica, conhecimento de letras e escrita de palavras antes e após a intervenção. Os resultados sugerem um efeito positivo da intervenção tanto no desenvolvimento das habilidades metafonológicas, quanto nas habilidades de escrita dos participantes. Discute-se a importância da incorporação de atividades visando ao desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica na Educação Infantil, a fim de favorecer a aprendizagem da língua escrita.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Investigaciones recientes demuestran que aprender a leer y a escribir en una lengua alfabética exige la comprensión de la relación entre fonemas y grafemas, lo que requiere habilidades de segmentación del habla, es decir, consciencia fonológica, siendo que tales habilidades se han mostrado altamente correlacionadas al aprendizaje de la lengua escrita. En esta investigación tuvimos como objetivo evaluar los efectos de un programa de intervención en consciencia fonológica sobre el desempeño en tareas de escritura en 15 pre-escolares, los cuales fueron sometidos a pruebas de consciencia fonológica, conocimiento de letras y escritura de palabras antes y tras la intervención. Los resultados sugieren un efecto positivo de la intervención tanto en el desarrollo de las habilidades meta fonológicas como en las habilidades de escritura de los participantes. Se discute la importancia de la incorporación de actividades visando al desarrollo de la consciencia fonológica en la Educación Infantil, a fin de favorecer el aprendizaje de la lengua escrita.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The recent researches shows that learning to read and write in an alphabetic language requires an understanding of the relationship between phonemes and graphemes, which requires speech segmentation skills, that is, phonological awareness, and these skills have been highly correlated with learning written language. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of a phonological awareness intervention program on the performance of writing tasks in 15 pre-school children, who were submitted to tests of phonological awareness, knowledge of letters and written words before and after intervention. The results suggest a positive effect of the intervention in both the development of metaphonological skills and the writing skills of participants. The importance of the use of activities aimed at the development of phonological awareness in Early Childhood Education is discussed, in order to favor the learning of written language.

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          Most cited references26

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          Child development and emergent literacy.

          Emergent literacy consists of the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are developmental precursors to reading and writing. This article offers a preliminary typology of children's emergent literacy skills, a review of the evidence that relates emergent literacy to reading, and a review of the evidence for linkage between children's emergent literacy environments and the development of emergent literacy skills. We propose that emergent literacy consists of at least two distinct domains: inside-out skills (e.g., phonological awareness, letter knowledge) and outside-in skills (e.g., language, conceptual knowledge). These different domains are not the product of the same experiences and appear to be influential at different points in time during reading acquisition. Whereas outside-in skills are associated with those aspects of children's literacy environments typically measured, little is known about the origins of inside-out skills. Evidence from interventions to enhance emergent literacy suggests that relatively intensive and multifaceted interventions are needed to improve reading achievement maximally. A number of successful preschool interventions for outside-in skills exist, and computer-based tasks designed to teach children inside-out skills seem promising. Future research directions include more sophisticated multidimensional examination of emergent literacy skills and environments, better integration with reading research, and longer-term evaluation of preschool interventions. Policy implications for emergent literacy intervention and reading education are discussed.
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            Phonological skills and their role in learning to read: a meta-analytic review.

            The authors report a systematic meta-analytic review of the relationships among 3 of the most widely studied measures of children's phonological skills (phonemic awareness, rime awareness, and verbal short-term memory) and children's word reading skills. The review included both extreme group studies and correlational studies with unselected samples (235 studies were included, and 995 effect sizes were calculated). Results from extreme group comparisons indicated that children with dyslexia show a large deficit on phonemic awareness in relation to typically developing children of the same age (pooled effect size estimate: -1.37) and children matched on reading level (pooled effect size estimate: -0.57). There were significantly smaller group deficits on both rime awareness and verbal short-term memory (pooled effect size estimates: rime skills in relation to age-matched controls, -0.93, and reading-level controls, -0.37; verbal short-term memory skills in relation to age-matched controls, -0.71, and reading-level controls, -0.09). Analyses of studies of unselected samples showed that phonemic awareness was the strongest correlate of individual differences in word reading ability and that this effect remained reliable after controlling for variations in both verbal short-term memory and rime awareness. These findings support the pivotal role of phonemic awareness as a predictor of individual differences in reading development. We discuss whether such a relationship is a causal one and the implications of research in this area for current approaches to the teaching of reading and interventions for children with reading difficulties.
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              Consciência metalingüística e alfabetização: um estudo com crianças da primeira série do ensino fundamental

              A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a influência da consciência fonológica, lexical e sintática, sobre a aquisição da linguagem escrita. Esperava-se que as crianças com níveis mais elevados de consciência metalingüística apresentassem desempenho superior na aprendizagem da leitura e escrita. Participaram da pesquisa 65 alunos da 1ª série do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública de São Paulo. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar os níveis de consciência metalingüística foram aplicados no início do ano escolar. As provas utilizadas para avaliar os níveis de leitura e escrita foram aplicadas no início e final do ano letivo. A análise estatística mostrou correlações positivas significativas entre os níveis iniciais de consciência fonológica e sintática e o desempenho final das crianças em leitura e escrita. A consciência lexical mostrou-se correlacionada apenas com o resultado final em leitura. Tais resultados sugerem a importância de se favorecer o desenvolvimento da consciência metalingüística nas séries escolares iniciais.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pee
                Psicologia Escolar e Educacional
                Psicol. Esc. Educ.
                Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional (ABRAPEE) (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2175-3539
                April 2017
                : 21
                : 1
                : 93-102
                Affiliations
                [2] Ribeirão Preto orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [1] Catalão Goiás orgnameUniversidade Federal de Goiás Brazil
                Article
                S1413-85572017000100093 S1413-8557(17)02100100093
                10.1590/2175-3539201702111080
                8553ebe7-22d8-4e3b-ae39-9f2b425717a0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 July 2016
                : 03 December 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                pré-escolares,phonologicalawareness,literacy,Preschoolers,alfabetización,pre-escolares,consciência fonológica,alfabetização,consciencia fonológica

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