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      High-speed photoacoustic microscopy: A review dedicated on light sources

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          Abstract

          In recent years, many methods have been investigated to improve imaging speed in photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). These methods mainly focused upon three critical factors contributing to fast PAM: laser pulse repetition rate, scanning speed, and computing power of the microprocessors. A high laser repetition rate is fundamentally the most crucial factor to increase the PAM speed. In this paper, we review methods adopted for fast PAM systems in detail, specifically with respect to light sources. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first review article analyzing the fundamental requirements for developing high-speed PAM and their limitations from the perspective of light sources.

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          Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber

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            Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs.

            Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can create multiscale multicontrast images of living biological structures ranging from organelles to organs. This emerging technology overcomes the high degree of scattering of optical photons in biological tissue by making use of the photoacoustic effect. Light absorption by molecules creates a thermally induced pressure jump that launches ultrasonic waves, which are received by acoustic detectors to form images. Different implementations of PAT allow the spatial resolution to be scaled with the desired imaging depth in tissue while a high depth-to-resolution ratio is maintained. As a rule of thumb, the achievable spatial resolution is on the order of 1/200 of the desired imaging depth, which can reach up to 7 centimeters. PAT provides anatomical, functional, metabolic, molecular, and genetic contrasts of vasculature, hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism, biomarkers, and gene expression. We review the state of the art of PAT for both biological and clinical studies and discuss future prospects.
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              In vivo photoacoustic tomography of chemicals: high-resolution functional and molecular optical imaging at new depths.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Photoacoustics
                Photoacoustics
                Photoacoustics
                Elsevier
                2213-5979
                06 August 2021
                December 2021
                06 August 2021
                : 24
                : 100291
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
                [b ]Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
                [c ]Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
                [d ]Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
                [e ]Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
                [f ]Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02481, Republic of Korea
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding authors at: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea. jeesukim@ 123456pusan.ac.kr ckim@ 123456pusan.ac.kr
                [** ]Corresponding author at: Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. swlee76@ 123456kriss.re.kr
                [1]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                S2213-5979(21)00051-3 100291
                10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100291
                8403586
                34485074
                84520708-7e23-406e-b17e-4fbbf948917e
                © 2021 The Author(s)

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 28 April 2021
                : 18 July 2021
                : 3 August 2021
                Categories
                Research Article

                photoacoustic microscopy,high-speed imaging,light sources,fiber laser

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