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      Indigestible foreign bodies in the forestomach of slaughtered goats in Mogadishu, Somalia

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          Abstract

          Background and Aim:

          The primary domestic animal in Somali communities is the goat. Their main economic importance is as a food source and a main form of agriculture in the country. There has been a recent decline in the goat population in Somalia, which may be due to the shortage of feed and an increasingly contaminated environment that is affecting the population’s food supply and nutritional status. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with indigestible foreign bodies (IFBs) ingestion in goats in Mogadishu, Somalia.

          Materials and Methods:

          A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Somalia Meat Company in Mogadishu, Somalia, in February 2022. A total of 250 goats were included in this study, and records were kept on age, sex, body condition, and location. Following the slaughter, goats were inspected for IFBs, and their stomach compartments were incised and examined. Indigestible foreign body classifications was noted and subjected to analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0.

          Results:

          A total of 90/250 (36%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.1–42.3) goats presented IFBs, being 71/90 (79%; 95% CI: 69–87) in the rumen, 12/90 (13%; 95% CI: 7–22) in the reticulum, and seven/90 (8%; 95% CI: 3–15) on both. The most observed IFBs were plastic in 71/90 (79%; 95% CI: 69–87), followed by ropes in eight/90 (10%; 95% CI: 5–18). A high IFB prevalence was observed in goats aged >2–≤3 years (44%), followed by >3 years (36%). The lowest frequency was observed in goats aged <2 years (30%). Overall, there was an association between IFBs in goats and poor body conditions (χ 2 = 47%, p < 0.04).

          Conclusion:

          The absence of a plastic waste disposal system in the area, and communal free-grazing of livestock in highly contaminated sites, appeared to be significant contributors to the high occurrence of IFBs in goats. Therefore, appropriate policies for solid waste management should be implemented.

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          Most cited references17

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          Ingestion of indigestible foreign materials by free grazing ruminants in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

          Ruminants slaughtered in Bahir-Dar, northern Ethiopia, were studied to estimate the prevalence and types of foreign bodies in the rumen and reticulum. Of the 400 cattle, 320 sheep, and 320 goats examined between November 2011 and May 2012, 41.8, 20.6 and 11.9 %, respectively, contained one or more types of foreign bodies. The prevalence of foreign bodies was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (i) in cattle than in sheep and goats, (ii) in cattle in poor body condition than those in good condition, and (iii) in the rumen than in the reticulum. The most commonly encountered materials were plastics, which resulted from the widespread use of plastic bags and improper waste disposal. Other materials found were cloth, rope, metal, and leather. The study demonstrated that ruminants in the area are ingesting various types of indigestible foreign bodies, which can hamper their health and productivity. To avert the problem, collaborative intervention schemes need to be applied involving professionals, policy makers, livestock keepers, and environmental activists.
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            Investigations of foreign bodies in the fore-stomach of cattle at Ngoma Slaughterhouse, Rwanda

            Ingestion of indigestible foreign bodies in cattle is a pathological condition of both economic and health importance. It is has mostly been reported in association with feed scarcity. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and nature of indigestible foreign materials in abattoir fore-stomach specimens in Ngoma district, Rwanda. Each chamber was opened by incision, then given a thorough macroscopic examination by visual inspection and palpation for the presence of foreign materials. The results show that there is an overall occurrence of 17.4% foreign bodies in cattle. The highest occurrence (25.3%) was recorded in June (the driest month). Results further show that the majority of the foreign bodies were plastics (65.0%). More foreign bodies (29.5%) were found in older animals (5 years and above) than in younger and middle-aged animals (16.5 % and 6.0%, respectively). There was a higher prevalence of foreign bodies in female cattle (20.0%) than in males (15.7%). The presence of cassette tape, as observed in the study, has not been reported elsewhere. The high representation of plastics in animals (65.5%) in the light of a government plastic bag ban in supermarkets presents a major challenge to livestock production in Rwanda. What is disturbing is that it is not known if this problem is increasing or decreasing as there are no previous studies for comparison. However, the results will serve as a reference point for future studies to understand the true trend and true burden of plastic bags in livestock.
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              Study on rumen and reticulum foreign bodies in cattle slaughtered at Jimma Municipal Abattoir, Southwest Ethiopia

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Vet World
                Vet World
                Veterinary World
                Veterinary World (India )
                0972-8988
                2231-0916
                September 2023
                14 September 2023
                : 16
                : 9
                : 1829-1832
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Graduate Program on Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
                [2 ]Abrar Research and Training Center, Abrar University, Mogadishu, Somalia
                [3 ]Somali One Health Center, Abrar University, Mogadishu, Somalia
                [4 ]Department of Animal Health and Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock, Forestry, and Range, Mogadishu, Somalia
                [5 ]Department of Slaughterhouses, Somali Meat Company, Mogadishu, Somalia
                [6 ]Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
                [7 ]Center for Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks (CIPHER), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                Vetworld-16-1829
                10.14202/vetworld.2023.1829-1832
                10583886
                37859955
                843ce1e5-9ffd-4fd1-ae15-18170aa101a4
                Copyright: © Shair, et al.

                Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 01 June 2023
                : 07 August 2023
                Categories
                Research Article

                capra hircus,plastic bags,small ruminants,somali slaughterhouse,sub-saharan africa

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