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      NUTRITIONAL INDICATORS OF MALNUTRITION IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS Translated title: Indicadores nutricionais de desnutrição em pacientes hospitalizados

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is associated with clinical factors, including longer hospital stay, increased morbidity and mortality and hospital costs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition using different nutritional indicators and to identify factors that contribute to malnutrition in hospitalized patients. METHODS: We investigated anthropometric, laboratory standards, nutritional risk screening (NRS), subjective global assessment (SGA), mini nutritional assessment and habitual energy consumption (HEC). Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test and univariate and multiple Cox regression analysis were used, at 5% significance level. RESULTS: It was found 21.01% of malnourished individuals by ASG; a total of 34.78% with nutritional risk according to NRS and 11.59% with low weight (BMI). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of malnutrition by ASG (P=0.3344) and nutritional risk by NRS (P=0.2286), among the types of disorders. Patients with nutritional risk were of higher median age (64.5 vs 58.0 years; P=0.0246) and had lower median values of HEC (1362.1 kcal vs 1525 kcal, P=0.0030), of calf circumference (32.0 cm vs 33.5 cm, P=0.0405) of lymphocyte count (1176.5 cell/mm3 vs 1760.5 cell/ mm3, P=0.0095); and higher percentage of low body weight according to the BMI (22.9% vs 5.6%; P=0.0096). Lymphocyte count was associated with nutritional risk (P=0.0414; HR= 1.000; IC95%= 0.999; 1.000). CONCLUSION: NRS was more sensitive than other indicators in the diagnosis of malnutrition. Patients at risk were older and had lower HEC values, calf circumference, BMI and lymphocyte count. Low lymphocyte count was considered a factor associated with nutritional risk by the NRS.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO CONTEXTO: A desnutrição está associada a fatores clínicos, incluindo maior tempo de internação, aumento da morbimortalidade e custos hospitalares. OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de desnutrição por diferentes indicadores nutricionais e identificar fatores que contribuem para a desnutrição em pacientes hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Investigou-se indicadores antropométricos, laboratoriais, nutritional risk screening, avaliação subjetiva global (ASG), mini avaliação nutricional e consumo energético habitual (CEH). Utilizou-se os testes qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e análise de regressão de Cox univariada e múltipla, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se 21,01% de desnutridos pela ASG; 34,78% com risco nutricional pelo NRS e 11,59% com baixo peso pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante da prevalência de desnutrição pela ASG (P=0,3344) e de risco nutricional pelo NRS (P=0,2286), entre os tipos de doenças. Os pacientes com risco nutricional apresentaram maior mediana de idade (64,5 vs 58,0 anos; P=0,0246) e menores valores medianos no CEH (1362,1 kcal vs 1525 kcal, P=0,0030); na circunferência de panturrilha (CP) (32,0 cm vs 33,5 cm, P=0,0405); na contagem de linfócitos (CL) (1176,5 cel/mm3 vs 1760,5 cel/mm3, P=0,0095); e maior percentual de baixo peso pelo IMC (22,9% vs 5,6%; P=0,0096). A CL foi associada ao risco nutricional (P=0,0414; HR=1,000; IC95%= 0,999; 1,000). CONCLUSÃO: O NRS foi mais sensível que outros indicadores no diagnóstico de desnutrição. Pacientes com risco apresentaram mais idade e valores menores de CEH, CP, IMC e CL. A baixa CL foi considerada fator associado ao risco nutricional pelo NRS.

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          Most cited references15

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          Screening for nutritional status in the elderly.

          A comprehensive assessment of nutritional status is a critically important component of any patient evaluation. Based upon clinical information, anthropometric data, and a small number of laboratory investigations, an accurate appraisal of nutritional status should be possible and an appropriate intervention plan can be developed. The actual approach depends on the particular problem discovered. These are discussed in detail elsewhere in this issue.
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            Hospital malnutrition in Latin America: A systematic review.

            Disease-related malnutrition is a major public health issue in both industrialised and emerging countries. The reported prevalence in hospitalised adults ranges from 20% to 50%. Initial reports from emerging countries suggested a higher prevalence compared with other regions, with limited data on outcomes and costs.
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              Anthropometric norms in the elderly.

              Anthropometric indices are presented for representative samples of elderly people in South Wales, based on over 1500 subjects seen during community surveys. Body mass index declined with age after 70 years in both men and women. Estimates of fat and muscle volume based on upper arm measurements also showed a decline with age, which was particularly steep for triceps skinfold thickness in women. These indices are in general similar to results that have been reported from other surveys within the UK; they suggest that Welsh old people have less fat and muscle than elderly Americans.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ag
                Arquivos de Gastroenterologia
                Arq. Gastroenterol.
                Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia e Outras Especialidades - IBEPEGE. (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-2803
                1678-4219
                October 2019
                : 56
                : 4
                : 447-450
                Affiliations
                [1] Campinas São Paulo orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde Brazil
                [3] Campinas São Paulo orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Brazil
                [2] Campinas São Paulo orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Nutrição Brazil
                Article
                S0004-28032019000400447
                10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-74
                31618398
                842fb947-a057-411b-84ad-6b0b2ca6f59f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 August 2019
                : 11 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Brief Communication

                Malnutrition,Health status indicators,Nutrition assessment,Nutritional status,Indicadores básicos de saúde,Desnutrição,Avaliação nutricional,Estado nutricional

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