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      Hospital – primary care articulation in care transition: both sides of the process Translated title: Articulación hospital – atención primaria en la transición del cuidado: las dos posibilidades del proceso Translated title: Articulação hospital – atenção primária na transição do cuidado: os dois lados do processo

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze how the articulation between hospital and primary health care related to patient discharge and continuity of care after hospitalization takes place. Method: Qualitative study, using the focus group technique to explore the experience of 21 nurses in hospitals (n = 10) and at primary care (n = 11) in a municipality in the northwest area of the State of São Paulo. Data collection took place between December 2019 and April 2020. Four focus groups were carried out (two in the hospital and two in the health units) and the findings underwent thematic analysis. Results: The categories identified were: Patient inclusion flow in the responsible discharge planning, Patient/family member/caregiver participation, Care planning, Communication between services, and Challenges in the discharge process. According to reports, the discharge process is centered on bureaucratic aspects with gaps in communication and coordination of care. Conclusion: This research allowed understanding how nurses from different points of health care experience the discharge and (dis)articulation of the team work. The findings can equip managers in the (re)agreement of practices and integration of services to promote continuity of care.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar como ocurre la articulación entre la atención hospitalaria y primaria a la salud relacionada al alta del paciente y la continuidad del cuidado tras hospitalización. Método: estudio cualitativo que utilizó la técnica de grupo focal para explotar la experiencia de 21 enfermeros de la atención hospitalaria (n = 10) y primaria (n = 11) de un municipio de la región noroeste del Estado de São Paulo. La recolección de los datos ocurrió entre diciembre de 2019 y abril de 2020. Fueron realizados cuatro grupos focales (dos en el hospital y dos en los centros de salud) y los hallazgos fueron sometidos al análisis temático. Resultados: Las clases identificadas fueron: Flujo de inclusión del paciente en el plano de alta responsable, Participación del paciente/familiar/cuidador, Organización de los cuidados, Comunicación entre los servicios y desafíos en el proceso de alta. Según los relatos, el proceso de alta está centrado en aspectos burocráticos con irregularidades de comunicación y coordinación del cuidado. Conclusión: Esta investigación hizo posible comprender como enfermeros de diferentes centros de atención a la salud vivencian el alta y la desarticulación del trabajo en red. Los hallazgos pueden instrumentalizan gestores en la (re)pactuación de prácticas e integración de los servicios para la promoción de la continuidad del cuidado.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar como ocorre a articulação entre a atenção hospitalar e primária à saúde relacionada à alta do paciente e à continuidade do cuidado após internação hospitalar. Método: estudo qualitativo, utilizando a técnica de grupo focal para explorar a experiência de 21 enfermeiros da atenção hospitalar (n = 10) e primária (n = 11) de um município da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre dezembro de 2019 e abril de 2020. Foram realizados quatro grupos focais (dois no hospital e dois nas unidades de saúde) e os achados foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: As categorias identificadas foram: Fluxo de inclusão do paciente no plano de alta responsável, Participação do paciente/familiar/cuidador, Planejamento dos cuidados, Comunicação entre os serviços e Desafios no processo de alta. Segundo os relatos, o processo de alta está centrado em aspectos burocráticos com lacunas de comunicação e coordenação do cuidado. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa possibilitou compreender como enfermeiros de diferentes pontos de atenção à saúde vivenciam a alta e a (des)articulação do trabalho em rede. Os achados podem instrumentalizar gestores na (re) pactuação de práticas e integração dos serviços para promoção da continuidade do cuidado.

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          Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.

          Qualitative research explores complex phenomena encountered by clinicians, health care providers, policy makers and consumers. Although partial checklists are available, no consolidated reporting framework exists for any type of qualitative design. To develop a checklist for explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies (in depth interviews and focus groups). We performed a comprehensive search in Cochrane and Campbell Protocols, Medline, CINAHL, systematic reviews of qualitative studies, author or reviewer guidelines of major medical journals and reference lists of relevant publications for existing checklists used to assess qualitative studies. Seventy-six items from 22 checklists were compiled into a comprehensive list. All items were grouped into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. Duplicate items and those that were ambiguous, too broadly defined and impractical to assess were removed. Items most frequently included in the checklists related to sampling method, setting for data collection, method of data collection, respondent validation of findings, method of recording data, description of the derivation of themes and inclusion of supporting quotations. We grouped all items into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. The criteria included in COREQ, a 32-item checklist, can help researchers to report important aspects of the research team, study methods, context of the study, findings, analysis and interpretations.
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            Focus groups in nursing research: methodological perspectives.

            Focus groups have been increasingly used as a data collection method in nursing research. The key feature of focus groups is the active interaction among participants to explore their views and opinions. In this respect, focus groups are distinct from other methods such as Delphi groups, nominal groups, brainstorming, and consensus panels, which seek to determine a consensus between participants. Compared with other data collection methods, it can be concluded that the real strength of focus groups is not simply in exploring what participants have to say, but in providing insights into the sources of complex behaviors and motivations. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the focus group as a research tool in nursing research, particularly in nursing education. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Care Transitions From Patient and Caregiver Perspectives

              PURPOSE Despite concerted actions to streamline care transitions, the journey from hospital to home remains hazardous for patients and caregivers. Remarkably little is known about the patient and caregiver experience during care transitions, the services they need, or the outcomes they value. The aims of this study were to (1) describe patient and caregiver experiences during care transitions and (2) characterize patient and caregiver desired outcomes of care transitions and the health services associated with them. METHODS We interviewed 138 patients and 110 family caregivers recruited from 6 health networks across the United States. We conducted 34 homogenous focus groups (103 patients, 65 caregivers) and 80 key informant interviews (35 patients, 45 caregivers). Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed using principles of grounded theory to identify themes and the relationship between them. RESULTS Patients and caregivers identified 3 desired outcomes of care transition services: (1) to feel cared for and cared about by medical providers, (2) to have unambiguous accountability from the health care system, and (3) to feel prepared and capable of implementing care plans. Five care transition services or provider behaviors were linked to achieving these outcomes: (1) using empathic language and gestures, (2) anticipating the patient’s needs to support self-care at home, (3) collaborative discharge planning, (4) providing actionable information, and (5) providing uninterrupted care with minimal handoffs. CONCLUSIONS Clear accountability, care continuity, and caring attitudes across the care continuum are important outcomes for patients and caregivers. When these outcomes are achieved, care is perceived as excellent and trustworthy. Otherwise, the care transition is experienced as transactional and unsafe, and leaves patients and caregivers feeling abandoned by the health care system.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reeusp
                Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
                Rev. esc. enferm. USP
                Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0080-6234
                1980-220X
                2021
                : 55
                : e20210145
                Affiliations
                [2] Campinas São Paulo orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação Brazil
                [1] São José do Rio Preto São Paulo orgnameFaculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem Brazil
                Article
                S0080-62342021000100552 S0080-6234(21)05500000552
                10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0145
                34545910
                8424c629-0fc5-465d-ab54-4e8f27a09d46

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 July 2021
                : 09 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Continuity of Patient Care,Process Assessment (Health Care),Patient Discharge,Nurse’s Role,Patient-Centered Care,Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente,Evaluación de Procesos y Resultados en Atención de Salud,Alta del Paciente,Rol de la Enfermera,Atención Dirigida al Paciente,Continuidade da assistência ao paciente,Avaliação de Processos (Cuidados de Saúde),Alta do paciente,Papel do profissional de enfermagem,Assistência centrada no paciente

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