Exergaming as a Strategic Tool in the Fight against Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review

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Abstract

Improper use of electronic media is considered a major contributing factor to childhood obesity. However, exergames, a new generation of active games, have made it possible to combine electronic entertainment with physical exercise. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the use of exergaming as a strategic tool in the fight against childhood obesity. Information was retrieved from the databases SciELO, LILACS, Pubmed, Ebsco, and Science Direct, using the search words “egames,” “exergames,” “exergaming,” “new generation of video games,” “active video games,” “energy expenditure,” “body composition,” and “physical activity” in English and Portuguese, covering the period January 2008 to April 2012. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Exergaming was found to increase physical activity levels, energy expenditure, maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, and percentage of physical activity engaged in and to reduce waist circumference and sedentary screen time. Thus, exergaming may be considered a highly relevant strategic tool for the adoption of an active and healthy lifestyle and may be useful in the fight against childhood obesity.

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Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study.

Robert J. Hancox, Barry Milne, Richie Poulton (2004)

Watching television in childhood and adolescence has been linked to adverse health indicators including obesity, poor fitness, smoking, and raised cholesterol. However, there have been no longitudinal studies of childhood viewing and adult health. We explored these associations in a birth cohort followed up to age 26 years. We assessed approximately 1000 unselected individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972-73 at regular intervals up to age 26 years. We used regression analysis to investigate the associations between earlier television viewing and body-mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum aerobic power assessed by a submaximal cycling test), serum cholesterol, smoking status, and blood pressure at age 26 years. Average weeknight viewing between ages 5 and 15 years was associated with higher body-mass indices (p=0.0013), lower cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.0003), increased cigarette smoking (p<0.0001), and raised serum cholesterol (p=0.0037). Childhood and adolescent viewing had no significant association with blood pressure. These associations persisted after adjustment for potential confounding factors such as childhood socioeconomic status, body-mass index at age 5 years, parental body-mass index, parental smoking, and physical activity at age 15 years. In 26-year-olds, population-attributable fractions indicate that 17% of overweight, 15% of raised serum cholesterol, 17% of smoking, and 15% of poor fitness can be attributed to watching television for more than 2 h a day during childhood and adolescence. Television viewing in childhood and adolescence is associated with overweight, poor fitness, smoking, and raised cholesterol in adulthood. Excessive viewing might have long-lasting adverse effects on health.

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Maternal perceptions of overweight preschool children.

Nancy L. Chamberlin, Weston Whitaker, Ryan Powers … (2000)

Childhood obesity is a major public health problem, and prevention efforts should begin early in life and involve parents. To determine what factors are associated with mothers' failure to perceive when their preschool children are overweight. Cross-sectional survey. Offices of private pediatricians and clinics of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Six hundred twenty-two mothers with children 23 to 60 months of age. Maternal demographic variables, maternal self-reported height and weight, and children's measured height and weight. Mothers were asked whether they considered themselves or their children overweight. Forty-five percent of mothers had low education (high school degree or less) and 55% had high education (some college or more). Obesity (body mass index: >/=30 kg/m(2)) was more common in the low education group of mothers (30% vs 17%), and their children tended to be more overweight (weight-for-height percentile: >/=90th; 19% vs 14%). Ninety-five percent of obese mothers believed that they were overweight, with no difference between education groups. However, 79% of mothers failed to perceive their overweight child as overweight. Among the 99 mothers with overweight children, low maternal education was associated with a failure to perceive their children as overweight after adjusting for low family income (

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Playing active video games increases energy expenditure in children.

Shelly N. Hester, L. Graf, Kevin R. Short … (2009)

To compare energy expenditure rates in children playing the physically active video games, Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) and Nintendo's Wii Sports in relation to treadmill walking. Energy expenditure, heart rate, step rate, and perceived exertion were measured in 14 boys and 9 girls (ages 10-13 years; BMI at 3-98th percentile for age and gender) while watching television at rest, playing DDR at 2 skill levels, playing Wii bowling and boxing, and walking at 2.6, 4.2, and 5.7 km/h. Arterial elasticity was measured at rest and immediately after gaming. Compared with watching television, energy expenditure while gaming or walking increased 2- to 3-fold. Similarly, high rates of energy expenditure, heart rate, and perceived exertion were elicited from playing Wii boxing, DDR level 2, or walking at 5.7 km/h. This occurred despite variations in step rate among activities, reflecting greater use of upper body during Wii play (lowest step rate) than during walking (highest step rate) or DDR play. Wii bowling and beginner level DDR elicited a 2-fold increase in energy expenditure compared to television watching. Large-artery elasticity declined immediately after both DDR and Wii. The change was inversely related to the increment in energy expenditure above rest achieved during the activity. Energy expenditure during active video game play is comparable to moderate-intensity walking. Thus, for children who spend considerable time playing electronic screen games for entertainment, physically active games seem to be a safe, fun, and valuable means of promoting energy expenditure.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Obes

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Obes

Journal ID (publisher-id): JOBES

Title: Journal of Obesity

Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation

ISSN (Print): 2090-0708

ISSN (Electronic): 2090-0716

Publication date (Print): 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 11 November 2013

Volume: 2013

Electronic Location Identifier: 438364

Affiliations

¹Collective Health Program, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Avenida Washington Soares, 1321 Edson Queiróz, 60.811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

²Center for Application of Information Technology, Innovation Laboratory, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Avenida Washington Soares, 1321 Edson Queiróz, 60.811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

³Center for Health Sciences-Physical Education, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Avenida Washington Soares, 1321 Edson Queiróz, 60.811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

⁴Center for Health Sciences-Occupational Therapy, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Avenida Washington Soares, 1321 Edson Queiróz, 60.811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

⁵University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Avenida Washington Soares, 1321 Edson, Queiróz, 60.811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Author notes

*Carlos Antônio Bruno da Silva: carlosbruno@ 123456unifor.br

Academic Editor: Reza Majdzadeh

Article

DOI: 10.1155/2013/438364

PMC ID: 3844237

PubMed ID: 24319594

SO-VID: 83f03b26-9c4c-4487-8824-84d97ef69f9d

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 11 January 2013

Date revision received : 20 July 2013

Date accepted : 5 September 2013

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Exergaming as a Strategic Tool in the Fight against Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review

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Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 49

Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study.

Maternal perceptions of overweight preschool children.

Playing active video games increases energy expenditure in children.

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