Bartonella  spp. Prevalence (Serology, Culture, and PCR) in Sanitary Workers in La Rioja Spain

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Abstract

Bartonella spp. are increasingly implicated in association with a spectrum of zoonotic infectious diseases. One hundred sanitary workers in La Rioja, Spain, completed a questionnaire and provided blood specimens for Bartonella spp. serology and Bartonella Alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture/PCR. Six immunofluorescence assays (IFA) were performed and aseptically obtained blood specimens were inoculated into liquid BAPGM and subcultured onto blood agar plates. Bartonella DNA was amplified using conventional and real-time PCR assays. The Bartonella spp., strain, or genotype was determined by DNA sequencing. Bartonella seroreactivity was documented in 83.1% and bloodstream infection in 21.6% of participants. Bartonella henselae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotypes I and III, and B. quintana were identified. IFA seroreactivity and PCR positivity were not statistically associated with self-reported symptoms. Our results suggest that exposure to and non-clinical infection with Bartonella spp. may occur more often than previously suspected in the La Rioja region.

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Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small.

Edward B. Breitschwerdt (2017)

Bartonellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by an expanding number of recently discovered Bartonella spp.

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Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae, and Coxiella burnetii.

D Raoult, B. SCOLA YURRITA (1996)

The clinical manifestations of Q fever and bartonelloses can be confused, especially in cases of infectious endocarditis. Differential diagnosis of the diseases is important because the treatments required for Q fever and bartonelloses are different. Laboratory confirmation of a suspected case of either Q fever or bartonelloses is most commonly made by antibody estimation with an indirect immunofluorescence assay. With an indirect immunofluorescence assay, 258 serum samples from patients with Q fever were tested against Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana antigens, and 77 serum samples from patients with infection by Bartonella sp. were tested against Coxiella burnetii antigen. Cross-reactivity was observed: more than 50% of the chronic Q fever patients tested had antibodies which reacted against B. henselae antigen to a significant level. This cross-reaction was confirmed by a cross-adsorption study and protein immunoblotting. However, because the levels of specific antibody titers in cases of Bartonella endocarditis are typically extremely high, low-level cross-reaction between C. burnetii antibodies and B. henselae antigen in cases of Q fever endocarditis should not lead to misdiagnosis, provided serology testing for both agents is performed.

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A combined approach for the enhanced detection and isolation of Bartonella species in dog blood samples: pre-enrichment liquid culture followed by PCR and subculture onto agar plates.

G. Maggi, W. Colin Duncan, Edward B. Breitschwerdt (2007)

Historically, direct plating, lysis centrifugation, or freeze-thaw approaches have proven to be highly insensitive methods for confirming Bartonella species infection in dogs. A prospective study was designed to compare diagnostic methods for the detection of Bartonella using samples submitted to the Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory at North Carolina State University. Methods included indirect immunofluorescence assay, PCR, direct inoculation of a blood agar plate (trypticase soy agar with 5% rabbit blood), and inoculation into a novel pre-enrichment liquid medium, Bartonella/alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM). Sequential research efforts resulted in the development of a combinational approach consisting of pre-enrichment culture of Bartonella species in BAPGM, sub-inoculation of the liquid culture onto agar plates, followed by DNA amplification using PCR. The multi-faceted approach resulted in substantial improvement in the microbiological detection and isolation of Bartonella when compared to direct inoculation of a blood agar plate. Importantly, this approach facilitated the detection and subsequent isolation of both single and co-infections with two Bartonella species in the blood of naturally infected dogs. The use of a combinational approach of pre-enrichment culture and PCR may assist in the diagnostic confirmation of bartonellosis in dogs and other animals.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pathogens

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pathogens

Journal ID (publisher-id): pathogens

Title: Pathogens

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2076-0817

Publication date (Electronic): 04 March 2020

Publication date Collection: March 2020

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 189

Affiliations

[1 ]Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital U. San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; aportillo@ 123456riojasalud.es (A.P.); jaoteo@ 123456riojasalud.es (J.A.O.); lgalvarez.ext@ 123456riojasalud.es (L.G.-Á.)

[2 ]Galaxy Diagnostics, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC 27709, USA; rgmaggi@ 123456ncsu.edu

[3 ]Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Julie_Bradley@ 123456ncsu.edu

[4 ]Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Granada, 52006 Melilla, Spain; momartin@ 123456ugr.es

[5 ]Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; xavier.roura@ 123456uab.cat

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[* ]Correspondence: ebbreits@ 123456ncsu.edu ; Tel.: +1-919-513-8277

Author information

Montserrat San-Martín https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-5956

Xavier Roura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-2381

Edward Breitschwerdt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3506-0279

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Publisher ID: pathogens-09-00189

DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030189

PMC ID: 7157737

PubMed ID: 32143533

SO-VID: 83d8e30b-3d2b-4cbd-8f46-55d7b6dcc234

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Bartonella spp. Prevalence (Serology, Culture, and PCR) in Sanitary Workers in La Rioja Spain

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Most cited references 50

Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small.

Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae, and Coxiella burnetii.

A combined approach for the enhanced detection and isolation of Bartonella species in dog blood samples: pre-enrichment liquid culture followed by PCR and subculture onto agar plates.

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