Sukma Azureen Nazli: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Yung-An Chua:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-0087
Role: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim: Role: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole:
Writing – review & editing
Zaliha Ismail:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1144-4451
Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Ahmad Bakhtiar Md Radzi: Role: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Khairul Shafiq Ibrahim: Role: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Sazzli Shahlan Kasim: Role: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Azhari Rosman: Role: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Hapizah Nawawi:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-8484
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Xiao-Feng Yang: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
2
September
2022
Publication date Collection: 2022
Volume: 17
Issue: 9
Electronic Location Identifier: e0273896
Affiliations
[1
]
Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Institute for Pathology, Universiti
Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
[2
]
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
[3
]
Institut Jantung Negara (IJN), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Temple University School of Medicine, UNITED STATES
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-21-27710
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273896
PMC ID: 9439256
PubMed ID: 36054188
SO-VID: 83abe598-848c-4637-8c7b-0fb5654afa99
Copyright © © 2022 Nazli et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
Ministry of Higher Education Long Term Research Grant Scheme
Award ID: RMI/ST/LRGS5/3 (2/2011)
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-8484
Hapizah Nawawi
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013262, Institute of Research Management and Innovation, Universiti Teknologi MARA;
Award ID: [600-IRMI/MYRA 5/3/MITRA (003/20170)-1]
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-8484
Hapizah Nawawi
Funded by:
Ministry of Education Fundamental Research Grant Scheme
Award ID: 600-IRMI/FRGS 5/3 (067/2019)
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-8484
Hapizah Nawawi
This study was funded by Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education Long Term Research
Grant Scheme [RMI/ST/LRGS5/3 (2/2011)], Universiti Teknologi MARA MITRA Grant [600-IRMI/MYRA
5/3/MITRA (003/20170)-1] and Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education Fundamental Research
Grant Scheme (FRGS) [600-IRMI/FRGS 5/3 (067/2019)] which were awarded to the corresponding
author (HN). The URL of the funders are (
http://mygrants.gov.my/main.php?Content=articles&ArticleID=3&IID=,
https://rmc.uitm.edu.my/images/Download/Guidelines/G.Dalaman/G.MITRA/GarisPanduanMitra2017.pdf and
http://mygrants.gov.my/main.php?Content=articles&ArticleID=1&IID=; respectively). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Cardiovascular Diseases
Subject:
Coronary Heart Disease
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Cardiology
Subject:
Cardiovascular Medicine
Subject:
Cardiovascular Diseases
Subject:
Coronary Heart Disease
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Vascular Medicine
Subject:
Coronary Heart Disease
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Physiological Parameters
Subject:
Body Weight
Subject:
Obesity
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Cardiovascular Diseases
Subject:
Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Cardiology
Subject:
Cardiovascular Medicine
Subject:
Cardiovascular Diseases
Subject:
Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Endocrinology
Subject:
Endocrine Disorders
Subject:
Diabetes Mellitus
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Metabolic Disorders
Subject:
Diabetes Mellitus
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Lipids
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Lipids
Subject:
Cholesterol
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Proteins
Subject:
Lipoproteins