Altered Striatal Synaptic Function and Abnormal Behaviour inShank3Exon4-9 Deletion Mouse Model of Autism : Shank3Exon4-9 Deletion Mouse Model of Autism

Abstract

<p class="first" id="P1">Shank3 is a multi-domain, synaptic scaffolding protein that organizes proteins in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Clinical studies suggest that ~0.5% of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases may involve <i>SHANK3</i> mutation/deletion. Patients with <i>SHANK3</i> mutations exhibit deficits in cognition along with delayed/impaired speech/language and repetitive and obsessive/compulsive-like (OCD-like) behaviors. To examine how mutation/deletion of <i>SHANK3</i> might alter brain function leading to ASD, we have independently created mice with deletion of <i>Shank3</i> exons 4–9, a region implicated in ASD patients. We find that homozygous deletion of exons 4–9 (Shank3 ^e4–9 KO) results in loss of the two highest molecular weight isoforms of Shank3 and a significant reduction in other isoforms. Behaviorally, both Shank3 ^e4–9 heterozygous (HET) and Shank3 ^e4–9 KO mice display increased repetitive grooming, deficits in novel and spatial object recognition learning and memory, and abnormal ultrasonic vocalizations. Shank3 ^e4–9 KO mice also display abnormal social interaction when paired with one another. Analysis of synaptosome fractions from striata of Shank3 ^e4–9 KO mice reveals decreased Homer1b/c, GluA2, and GluA3 expression. Both Shank3 ^e4–9 HET and KO demonstrated a significant reduction in NMDA/AMPA ratio at excitatory synapses onto striatal medium spiny neurons. Furthermore, Shank3 ^e4–9 KO mice displayed reduced hippocampal LTP despite normal baseline synaptic transmission. Collectively these behavioral, biochemical and physiological changes suggest Shank3 isoforms have region-specific roles in regulation of AMPAR subunit localization and NMDAR function in the Shank3 ^e4–9 mutant mouse model of autism. </p>