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      Self-efficacy and locus of control as transdiagnostic factors in Middle Eastern refugees Translated title: Autoeficacia y locus de control como factores transdiagnósticos en refugiados del Medio Oriente Translated title: 中东难民中作为转诊因素的自我效能感和控制点

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          ABSTRACT

          Background: Many refugees report high levels of psychopathology. As a countermeasure, some psychological interventions aim at targeting mental health difficulties in refugees transdiagnostically. However, there is a lack of knowledge about relevant transdiagnostic factors in refugee populations.

          Objective: To inform intervention efforts empirically, we investigated whether self-efficacy and locus of control are transdiagnostically associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatisation, psychological distress, and a higher-order psychopathology factor (‘p’) in Middle Eastern refugees residing in Germany.

          Method: In total, 200 Middle Eastern refugees took part in this cross-sectional study, comprising 160 male and 40 female refugees. Participants were, on average, 25.56 years old ( SD = 9.19), and 182 (91%) originally came from Syria, while remaining refugees were from Iraq or Afghanistan. They completed measures of depression, anxiety, somatisation, self-efficacy, and locus of control.

          Results: In multiple regression models adjusting for demographic factors (gender and age), self-efficacy and external locus of control were transdiagnostically related to depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, psychological distress, and a higher-order psychopathology factor. Internal locus of control had no detectable effect in these models.

          Conclusions: Self-efficacy and external locus of control appear critical in the mental health of refugees and may be important mechanisms in overcoming posttraumatic stress and resettlement stressors. Our findings support the need to target self-efficacy and external locus of control as transdiagnostic factors of general psychopathology in Middle Eastern refugees.

          HIGHLIGHTS

          • Middle Eastern refugees report high levels of psychopathology.

          • Transdiagnostic interventions are often applied, yet knowledge about relevant transdiagnostic factors is scarce.

          • Self-efficacy and external locus of control emerged as relevant transdiagnostic factors.

          Translated abstract

          Antecedentes: Muchos refugiados reportan altos niveles de psicopatología. Como contramedida, algunas intervenciones psicológicas tienen como objetivo abordar las dificultades de salud mental en los refugiados de forma transdiagnóstica. Sin embargo, existe una falta de conocimiento sobre los factores transdiagnósticos relevantes en las poblaciones de refugiados.

          Objetivo: Para informar empíricamente los esfuerzos de intervención, investigamos si la autoeficacia y el locus de control se asocian transdiagnósticamente con síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, somatización, malestar psicológico y un factor psicopatológico de orden superior (‘p’) en refugiados del Medio Oriente que residen en Alemania.

          Método: En total, 200 refugiados de Medio Oriente participaron en este estudio transversal, incluyendo 160 hombres y 40 mujeres refugiados. Los participantes tenían, en promedio, 25,56 años ( SD = 9.19), y 182 (91%) procedían originalmente de Siria, mientras que el resto de los refugiados eran de Irak o Afganistán. Ellos completaron medidas de depresión, ansiedad, somatización, autoeficacia y locus de control.

          Resultados: En modelos de regresión múltiple ajustados por factores demográficos (género y edad), la autoeficacia y el locus de control externo se relacionaron transdiagnósticamente con depresión, ansiedad, síntomas somáticos, malestar psicológico y un factor psicopatológico de orden superior. El locus de control interno no tuvo ningún efecto detectable en estos modelos.

          Conclusiones: La autoeficacia y el locus de control externo parecen ser críticos en la salud mental de los refugiados y pueden ser mecanismos importantes para superar el estrés postraumático y los factores estresantes del reasentamiento. Nuestros hallazgos respaldan la necesidad de enfocarse en la autoeficacia y el locus de control externo como factores transdiagnósticos de la psicopatología general en refugiados de Medio Oriente.

          Translated abstract

          背景:许多难民报告了高水平的精神疾病。 作为一种对策,一些心理干预旨在跨诊断地针对难民心理健康困难。 然而,对难民人群中相关跨诊断因素了解不足。

          目的:为了从实证角度为干预工作提供信息,我们在居住在德国的中东难民中考查了自我效能感和控制点是否与抑郁、焦虑、躯体化、心理困扰症状和高阶心理病理学因素(“p’)具有跨诊断相关性。

          方法:共有 200 名中东难民参加了这项横断面研究,包括 160 名男性难民和 40 名女性难民。 参与者平均年龄为 25.56 岁 (SD = 9.19),其中 182 人 (91%) 最初来自叙利亚,其余难民来自伊拉克或阿富汗。 他们完成了抑郁、焦虑、躯体化、自我效能感和控制点的测量。

          结果:在控制了人口因素(性别和年龄)的多元回归模型中,自我效能感和外部控制点与抑郁、焦虑、躯体症状、心理困扰和高阶心理病理学因素跨诊断相关。 内部控制点在这些模型中没有可检测的效果。

          结论:自我效能感和外部控制点对难民的心理健康至关重要,可能是克服创伤后应激和重新定居应激源的重要机制。 我们的研究结果支持将自我效能感和外部控制点作为中东难民一般精神疾病跨诊断因素的必要性。

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          Most cited references49

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              Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective.

              The capacity to exercise control over the nature and quality of one's life is the essence of humanness. Human agency is characterized by a number of core features that operate through phenomenal and functional consciousness. These include the temporal extension of agency through intentionality and forethought, self-regulation by self-reactive influence, and self-reflectiveness about one's capabilities, quality of functioning, and the meaning and purpose of one's life pursuits. Personal agency operates within a broad network of sociostructural influences. In these agentic transactions, people are producers as well as products of social systems. Social cognitive theory distinguishes among three modes of agency: direct personal agency, proxy agency that relies on others to act on one's behest to secure desired outcomes, and collective agency exercised through socially coordinative and interdependent effort. Growing transnational embeddedness and interdependence are placing a premium on collective efficacy to exercise control over personal destinies and national life.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                European Journal of Psychotraumatology
                Taylor & Francis
                2000-8066
                2 March 2023
                2023
                2 March 2023
                : 14
                : 1
                : 2180707
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
                [b ]Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University , Bielefeld, Germany
                [c ]Institute of Psychology, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
                Author notes
                [CONTACT ] Nexhmedin Morina morina@ 123456uni-muenster.de Institute of Psychology, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5916-3694
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-9963
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-9140
                Article
                2180707
                10.1080/20008066.2023.2180707
                9987726
                8368a35e-9a19-49b5-a9bd-163df0e2ab6e
                © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
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                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Equations: 1, References: 50, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Basic Research Article
                Research Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                refugee mental health,transdiagnostic approach,self-efficacy,locus of control,p-factor,salud mental de refugiados,enfoque transdiagnóstico,autoeficacia,locus de control,难民心理健康l,跨诊断方法,自我效能,控制点

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