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      The Use of Umbelliferone in the Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Compounds

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          Abstract

          New coumarin derivatives, namely 7-[(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methoxy]-2 H-chromen-2-one ( 4), 5-[(2-oxo-2 H-chromen-7-yloxy)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3 H)-one ( 5), 2-[2-(2-oxo-2 H-chromen-7-yloxy)acetyl]-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide ( 7), 7-[(5-(phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methoxy]-2 H-chromen-2-one ( 8) and 7-[(5-mercapto-4-phenyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methoxy]-2 H-chromen-2-one ( 9) were prepared starting from the natural compound umbelliferone ( 1). The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies (IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR).

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          Biological Actions of Artemisinin: Insights from Medicinal Chemistry Studies

          Jian LI, Bing Zhou (2010)
          Artemisinins have become essential antimalarial drugs for increasingly widespread drug-resistant malaria strains. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to decipher how this class of molecules works, their exact antimalarial mechanism is still an enigma. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain their actions, including alkylation of heme by carbon-centered free radicals, interference with proteins such as the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic calcium ATPase (SERCA), as well as damaging of normal mitochondrial functions. Besides artemisinins, other endoperoxides with various backbones have also been synthesized, some of which showed comparable or even higher antimalarial effects. It is noteworthy that among these artemisinin derivatives, some enantiomers displayed similar in vitro malaria killing efficacy. In this article, the proposed mechanisms of action of artemisinins are reviewed in light of medicinal chemistry findings characterized by efficacy-structure studies, with the hope of gaining more insight into how these potent drugs work.
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            Sulfonamide-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as antifungal and antibacterial agents: synthesis, biological evaluation, lipophilicity, and conformational studies.

            Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis, Ana Ćirić, Charalabos Camoutsis … (2008)
            A series of 10 new 5-[2-(substituted sulfamoyl)-4,5-dimethoxy-benzyl]-4aryl-s-triazole-3-thiones were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activity. All compounds tested showed significant antifungal activity against all the micromycetes, compared to the commercial fungicide bifonazole. Differences in their activity depend on the substitution of different reactive groups. More specifically, best antifungal activity among synthetic analogues was shown with N-dimethylsulfamoyl group. All the compounds tested against bacteria showed the same activity as the commercial agent streptomycin, except for Enterobacter cloacce and Salmonella species. Chloramphenicol showed lower bactericidal effect than the synthetic compounds. Furthermore, it is apparent that different compounds reacted in different ways against bacteria. Gram (-) bacteria seem to be more sensitive to these compounds than Gram (+) species. An effort was made to correlate the above-mentioned differences in activity with lipophilicity studies. Furthermore, molecular modeling was used to obtain the main conformational features of this class of molecules for future structure-activity relationship studies.
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              Electrochemical and quantum chemical calculations on 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine-2-thione as inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid

              Ahmed Y. Musa, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum, Abu Bakar Mohamad … (2010)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 August 2011
                Publication date Collection: August 2011
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 6833-6843
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
                [2 ]Biotechnology Division, Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom the correspondence should be addressed; Email: dr.ahmed@ 123456eng.ukm.my or dr.ahmed1975@ 123456gmail.com .
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-16-06833
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086833
                PMC ID: 6264737
                PubMed ID: 21832973
                SO-VID: 83105272-58a2-4fd4-8612-43e6b4fcfb0e
                Copyright © © 2011 by the authors;
                License:

                licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 11 July 2011
                Date revision received : 22 July 2011
                Date accepted : 01 August 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: coumarin,ethyl bromoacetate,phosphorous oxychloride,1,3,4-thiadiazole,thiosemicarbazide,umbelliferone
                Data availability:
                Keywords: coumarin, ethyl bromoacetate, phosphorous oxychloride, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, thiosemicarbazide, umbelliferone

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