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      Biogeography of the freshwater gastropod, Planorbella trivolvis, in the western United States

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          Abstract

          Despite the important roles of freshwater gastropods in aquatic ecosystems, the taxonomic status of many taxa is unclear, which is compounded by a lack of information on species population genetic structuring, distribution, and dispersal patterns. The objective of this study was to address the biogeography of the freshwater snail Planorbella trivolvis (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in the western United States. We amplified two genetic markers (16S, COI) from individuals belonging to western USA populations and downloaded genetic data from GenBank. We utilized minimum spanning networks to assess the genetic patterns and performed Analysis of Molecular Variance and linear regression analyses to determine how geographic distance and watershed identity contributed to the observed genetic structuring. For both markers, we found that the majority of genetic variation was associated within and among populations, rather than among watersheds. Correspondingly, there was no significant effect of geographic distance on genetic distance, suggesting that long-distance dispersal was promoting gene flow between populations. The genetic similarity could reflect avian-mediated dispersal of snails along the Pacific Flyway, a major waterfowl migratory corridor. Further analysis of the population structuring across North America revealed East-West genetic structuring, suggesting that across longitudinal gradients P. trivolvis experiences significant genetic isolation.

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          The Global Decline of Nonmarine Mollusks

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            Dispersal in Freshwater Invertebrates

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              The Monopolization Hypothesis and the dispersal–gene flow paradox in aquatic organisms

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                2020
                29 July 2020
                : 15
                : 7
                : e0235989
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
                [2 ] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
                [3 ] Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
                [4 ] Bend Science Station, Bend, OR, United States of America
                University of California, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: This study was financed in part by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (1149308). A grant from the Oregon Community Foundation to the Bend Science Station provided publishing cost assistance to JB. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on data or materials sharing.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-5200
                Article
                PONE-D-20-13554
                10.1371/journal.pone.0235989
                7390334
                32726356
                83026fb9-ec6c-4618-a36f-da7e476239e9
                © 2020 Martin et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 7 May 2020
                : 25 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 4, Pages: 18
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008982, National Science Foundation;
                Award ID: 1754171
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000008, David and Lucile Packard Foundation;
                Award ID: 1149308
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: University of Colorado Boulder, Museum of Natural History, Museum Student Research Grant
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: University of Colorado Boulder, Museum of Natural History, Collie Fund
                Award Recipient :
                This study was financed in part by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (1149308) and the National Science Foundation (1754171) to PTJJ. The Museum Student Research Fund and Collie Fund, both awarded by The University of Colorado Boulder Museum of Natural History, provided some financial support to KRM. A grant from the Oregon Community Foundation to the Bend Science Station provided publishing cost assistance to JB. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Evolutionary Biology
                Population Genetics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Genetics
                Population Genetics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Population Biology
                Population Genetics
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Aquatic Environments
                Freshwater Environments
                Fresh Water
                Earth Sciences
                Marine and Aquatic Sciences
                Aquatic Environments
                Freshwater Environments
                Fresh Water
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Genetics
                Heredity
                Genetic Mapping
                Haplotypes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Molluscs
                Gastropods
                Snails
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Zoology
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Molluscs
                Gastropods
                Snails
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biogeography
                Phylogeography
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Biogeography
                Phylogeography
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Biogeography
                Phylogeography
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Evolutionary Biology
                Population Genetics
                Phylogeography
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Genetics
                Population Genetics
                Phylogeography
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Population Biology
                Population Genetics
                Phylogeography
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biogeography
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Biogeography
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Biogeography
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Molluscs
                Gastropods
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Zoology
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Molluscs
                Gastropods
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Vertebrates
                Amniotes
                Birds
                Fowl
                Waterfowl
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Zoology
                Animals
                Vertebrates
                Amniotes
                Birds
                Fowl
                Waterfowl
                Custom metadata
                All sequences are available from the GenBank database. Accession numbers are listed in the Supporting Information files.

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