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      Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban human mobility - A multiscale geospatial network analysis using New York bike-sharing data

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          Abstract

          The COVID-19 pandemic breaking out at the end of 2019 has seriously impacted urban human mobility and poses great challenges for traffic management and urban planning. An understanding of this influence from multiple perspectives is urgently needed. In this study, we propose a multiscale geospatial network framework for the analysis of bike-sharing data, aiming to provide a new perspective for the exploration of the pandemic impact on urban human mobility. More specifically, we organize the bike-sharing data into a network representation, and divide the network into a three-scale structure, ranging from the whole bike system at the macroscale, to the network community at the mesoscale and then to the bicycle station at the microscale. The spatiotemporal analysis of bike-sharing data at each scale is combined with visualization methods for an intuitive understanding of the patterns. We select New York City, one of the most seriously influenced city by the pandemic, as the study area, and used Citi Bike bike-sharing data from January to April in 2019 and 2020 in this area for the investigation. The analysis results show that with the development of the pandemic, the riding flow and its spatiotemporal distribution pattern changed significantly, which had a series of effects on the use and management of bikes in the city. These findings may provide useful references during the pandemic for various stakeholders, e.g., citizens for their travel planning, bike-sharing companies for bicycle dispatching and bicycle disinfection management, and governments for traffic management.

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            To comprehend the multipartite organization of large-scale biological and social systems, we introduce an information theoretic approach that reveals community structure in weighted and directed networks. We use the probability flow of random walks on a network as a proxy for information flows in the real system and decompose the network into modules by compressing a description of the probability flow. The result is a map that both simplifies and highlights the regularities in the structure and their relationships. We illustrate the method by making a map of scientific communication as captured in the citation patterns of >6,000 journals. We discover a multicentric organization with fields that vary dramatically in size and degree of integration into the network of science. Along the backbone of the network-including physics, chemistry, molecular biology, and medicine-information flows bidirectionally, but the map reveals a directional pattern of citation from the applied fields to the basic sciences.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Cities
                Cities
                Cities (London, England)
                Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                0264-2751
                0264-2751
                24 March 2022
                24 March 2022
                : 103677
                Affiliations
                [a ]College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, 266590 Qingdao, China
                [b ]School of Resource and Environment Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
                [c ]KRDB Research Centre for Knowledge and Data, Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
                [d ]Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                S0264-2751(22)00116-0 103677
                10.1016/j.cities.2022.103677
                8942724
                35345426
                82a9214f-a4bb-4852-8c1a-e1a84f9077ca
                © 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 9 November 2020
                : 4 March 2022
                : 17 March 2022
                Categories
                Article

                covid-19,bike-sharing data,urban mobility,geospatial network,multiscale spatiotemporal analysis

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