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      Flexible and Waterproof 2D/1D/0D Construction of MXene-Based Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption, EMI Shielding, and Photothermal Conversion

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          High-performance electromagnetic wave absorption and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with multifunctional characters have attracted extensive scientific and technological interest, but they remain a huge challenge. Here, we reported an electrostatic assembly approach for fabricating 2D/1D/0D construction of Ti 3C 2T x/carbon nanotubes/Co nanoparticles (Ti 3C 2T x/CNTs/Co) nanocomposites with an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption, EMI shielding efficiency, flexibility, hydrophobicity, and photothermal conversion performance. As expected, a strong reflection loss of -85.8 dB and an ultrathin thickness of 1.4 mm were achieved. Meanwhile, the high EMI shielding efficiency reached 110.1 dB. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption and shielding performances were originated from the charge carriers, electric/magnetic dipole polarization, interfacial polarization, natural resonance, and multiple internal reflections. Moreover, a thin layer of polydimethylsiloxane rendered the hydrophilic hierarchical Ti 3C 2T x/CNTs/Co hydrophobic, which can prevent the degradation/oxidation of the MXene in high humidity condition. Interestingly, the Ti 3C 2T x/CNTs/Co film exhibited a remarkable photothermal conversion performance with high thermal cycle stability and tenability. Thus, the multifunctional Ti 3C 2T x/CNTs/Co nanocomposites possessing a unique blend of outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption and EMI shielding, light-driven heating performance, and flexible water-resistant features were highly promising for the next-generation intelligent electromagnetic attenuation system.

          Highlights

          • The 2D/1D/0D Ti 3C 2T x/carbon nanotubes/Co nanocomposite is successfully synthesized via an electrostatic assembly.

          • Nanocomposites exhibit an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption and a remarkable electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency.

          • The flexible, waterproof, and photothermal conversion performances are achieved.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00673-9.

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          Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide 'clay' with high volumetric capacitance.

          Michael Ghidiu, Maria R. Lukatskaya, Meng-Qiang Zhao … (2014)
          Safe and powerful energy storage devices are becoming increasingly important. Charging times of seconds to minutes, with power densities exceeding those of batteries, can in principle be provided by electrochemical capacitors--in particular, pseudocapacitors. Recent research has focused mainly on improving the gravimetric performance of the electrodes of such systems, but for portable electronics and vehicles volume is at a premium. The best volumetric capacitances of carbon-based electrodes are around 300 farads per cubic centimetre; hydrated ruthenium oxide can reach capacitances of 1,000 to 1,500 farads per cubic centimetre with great cyclability, but only in thin films. Recently, electrodes made of two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2, a member of the 'MXene' family), produced by etching aluminium from titanium aluminium carbide (Ti3AlC2, a 'MAX' phase) in concentrated hydrofluoric acid, have been shown to have volumetric capacitances of over 300 farads per cubic centimetre. Here we report a method of producing this material using a solution of lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid. The resulting hydrophilic material swells in volume when hydrated, and can be shaped like clay and dried into a highly conductive solid or rolled into films tens of micrometres thick. Additive-free films of this titanium carbide 'clay' have volumetric capacitances of up to 900 farads per cubic centimetre, with excellent cyclability and rate performances. This capacitance is almost twice that of our previous report, and our synthetic method also offers a much faster route to film production as well as the avoidance of handling hazardous concentrated hydrofluoric acid.
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            Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes)

            F. Shahzad, M. Alhabeb, C. Hatter … (2016)
            Materials with good flexibility and high conductivity that can provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding with minimal thickness are highly desirable, especially if they can be easily processed into films. Two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, combine metallic conductivity and hydrophilic surfaces. Here, we demonstrate the potential of several MXenes and their polymer composites for EMI shielding. A 45-micrometer-thick Ti3C2Tx film exhibited EMI shielding effectiveness of 92 decibels (>50 decibels for a 2.5-micrometer film), which is the highest among synthetic materials of comparable thickness produced to date. This performance originates from the excellent electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx films (4600 Siemens per centimeter) and multiple internal reflections from Ti3C2Tx flakes in free-standing films. The mechanical flexibility and easy coating capability offered by MXenes and their composites enable them to shield surfaces of any shape while providing high EMI shielding efficiency.
            Article 0 comments Cited 1284 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): routes to various MOF topologies, morphologies, and composites.

              Norbert Stock, Shyam Biswas (2012)
              Article 0 comments Cited 1061 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Wei Lu: weilu@tongji.edu.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanomicro Lett
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanomicro Lett
                Title: Nano-Micro Letters
                Publisher: Springer Singapore (Singapore )
                ISSN (Print): 2311-6706
                ISSN (Electronic): 2150-5551
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 June 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 June 2021
                Publication date Collection: December 2021
                Volume: 13
                Electronic Location Identifier: 150
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.24516.34, ISNI 0000000123704535, Shanghai Key Lab of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, , Tongji University, ; Shanghai, 201804 People’s Republic of China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 673
                DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00673-9
                PMC ID: 8233447
                PubMed ID: 34170409
                SO-VID: 824bfc2f-a316-4350-b626-1d8b27829c4f
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 1 April 2021
                Date accepted : 31 May 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                Keywords: ti3c2tx,cnts,co,low-dimensional materials,electromagnetic wave absorption,emi shielding,multifunction
                Data availability:
                Keywords: ti3c2tx, cnts, co, low-dimensional materials, electromagnetic wave absorption, emi shielding, multifunction

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