Geologic carbon storage currently implies that CO 2 is injected into reservoirs more than 1 km deep, but this concept of geologic storage can be expanded to include the injection of solid, carbon-bearing particles into geologic formations that are one to two orders of magnitude shallower than conventional storage reservoirs. Wood is half carbon, available in large quantities at a modest cost, and can be milled into particles and injected as a slurry. We demonstrate the feasibility of shallow geologic storage of carbon by a field experiment, and the injection process also raises the ground surface. The resulting CO 2 storage and ground uplift rates upscale to a technique that could contribute to the mitigation of climate change by storing carbon as well as helping to adapt to flooding risks by elevating the ground surface above flood levels. A life-cycle assessment indicates that CO 2 emissions caused by shallow geologic storage of carbon are a small fraction of the injected carbon.
This project demonstrates that injecting solid particles of biomass can store carbon and raise the ground surface at rates that would reduce atmospheric CO 2 and help adapt to flooding caused by climate change.