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      Oxygen Vacancies Modified TiO 2/O‐Terminated Ti 3C 2 Composites: Unravelling the Dual Effects between Oxygen Vacancy and High‐Work‐Function Titanium Carbide

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          Abstract

          The rational design of Ti 3C 2T x MXene‐derived TiO 2‐based photocatalysts with broad light absorption and efficient charge separation has recently attracted considerable attention for antibiotic degradation. However, the complementary effects of each component, especially oxygen vacancies (OVs) and high work function O‐terminated Ti 3C 2 (O‐Ti 3C 2), in affecting light absorption and photocatalytic activity remain controversial. In this study, Ti 3C 2T x‐derived TiO 2/Ti 3C 2T x photocatalysts are regulated by alkalization in the controlled KOH solution and calcination in different heating atmospheres to reveal the contribution of OVs, Ti 3+, carbon species, and high work function titanium carbide. Carbon species and rich OVs co‐exist in TiO 2/O‐Ti 3C 2 (OV/C‐TT‐1K(N 2)) which exhibit superior photocatalytic performance in tetracycline hydrochloride degradation with a kinetic constant of 0.0217 min −1. Combined with experimental and DFT computational results, the broadened visible light response and desirable redox properties are caused by OVs and carbon dopants, as well as decreased Schottky barrier height and enhanced electronic conductivity caused by high work function O‐Ti 3C 2.

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          Guidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene)

          Babak Anasori, Leah Clark, Pavel Lelyukh … (2017)
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            Defective TiO2 with oxygen vacancies: synthesis, properties and photocatalytic applications.

            Xiaoyang Pan, Min-Quan Yang, Xianzhi Fu … (2013)
            Titanium dioxide (TiO2), as an important semiconductor metal oxide, has been widely investigated in the field of photocatalysis. The properties of TiO2, including its light absorption, charge transport and surface adsorption, are closely related to its defect disorder, which in turn plays a significant role in the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. Among all the defects identified in TiO2, oxygen vacancy is one of the most important and is supposed to be the prevalent defect in many metal oxides, which has been widely investigated both by theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations. Here, we give a short review on the existing strategies for the synthesis of defective TiO2 with oxygen vacancies, and the defect related properties of TiO2 including structural, electronic, optical, dissociative adsorption and reductive properties, which are intimately related to the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. In particular, photocatalytic applications with regard to defective TiO2 are outlined. In addition, we offer some perspectives on the challenge and new direction for future research in this field. We hope that this tutorial minireview would provide some useful contribution to the future design and fabrication of defective semiconductor-based nanomaterials for diverse photocatalytic applications.
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              A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment.

              Ajit Sarmah, Michael T Meyer, Alistair B.A. Boxall (2006)
              Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) are widely used in many countries worldwide to treat disease and protect the health of animals. They are also incorporated into animal feed to improve growth rate and feed efficiency. As antibiotics are poorly adsorbed in the gut of the animals, the majority is excreted unchanged in faeces and urine. Given that land application of animal waste as a supplement to fertilizer is often a common practice in many countries, there is a growing international concern about the potential impact of antibiotic residues on the environment. Frequent use of antibiotics has also raised concerns about increased antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. We have attempted in this paper to summarize the latest information available in the literature on the use, sales, exposure pathways, environmental occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics in animal agriculture. The review has focused on four important groups of antibiotics (tylosin, tetracycline, sulfonamides and, to a lesser extent, bacitracin) giving a background on their chemical nature, fate processes, occurrence, and effects on plants, soil organisms and bacterial community. Recognising the importance and the growing debate, the issue of antibiotic resistance due to the frequent use of antibiotics in food-producing animals is also briefly covered. The final section highlights some unresolved questions and presents a way forward on issues requiring urgent attention.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Title: Advanced Functional Materials
                Abbreviated Title: Adv Funct Materials
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN (Print): 1616-301X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1616-3028
                Publication date Created: October 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): August 13 2023
                Publication date (Print): October 2023
                Volume: 33
                Issue: 41
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) Ministry of Education 410082 Changsha P. R. China
                [2 ] State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource Hunan Academy of Forestry 410004 Changsha P. R. China
                [3 ] State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Ecology and Environment 210042 Nanjing P. R. China
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202307702
                SO-VID: 8231927b-5edb-4761-940f-4c967fee6512
                Copyright © © 2023
                License:

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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