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      Targeted approaches to improve tomato fruit taste

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      , , , ,
      Horticulture Research
      Oxford University Press

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          Abstract

          Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) is the most valuable fruit and horticultural crop species worldwide. Compared with the fruits of their progenitors, those of modern tomato cultivars are, however, often described as having unsatisfactory taste or lacking flavor. The flavor of a tomato fruit arises from a complex mix of tastes and volatile metabolites, including sugars, acids, amino acids, and various volatiles. However, considerable differences in fruit flavor occur among tomato varieties, resulting in mixed consumer experiences. While tomato breeding has traditionally been driven by the desire for continual increases in yield and the introduction of traits that provide a long shelf-life, consumers are prepared to pay a reasonable premium for taste. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize preferences of tomato flavor and to define its underlying genetic basis. Here, we review recent conceptual and technological advances that have rendered this more feasible, including multi-omics-based QTL and association analyses, along with the use of trained testing panels, and machine learning approaches. This review proposes how the comprehensive datasets compiled to date could allow a precise rational design of tomato germplasm resources with improved organoleptic quality for the future.

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          Most cited references116

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          Major Impacts of Widespread Structural Variation on Gene Expression and Crop Improvement in Tomato

          Structural variants (SVs) underlie important crop improvement and domestication traits. However, resolving the extent, diversity, and quantitative impact of SVs has been challenging. We used long-read nanopore sequencing to capture 238,490 SVs in 100 diverse tomato lines. This panSV genome, along with 14 new reference assemblies, revealed large-scale intermixing of diverse genotypes, as well as thousands of SVs intersecting genes and cis-regulatory regions. Hundreds of SV-gene pairs exhibit subtle and significant expression changes, which could broadly influence quantitative trait variation. By combining quantitative genetics with genome editing, we show how multiple SVs that changed gene dosage and expression levels modified fruit flavor, size, and production. In the last example, higher order epistasis among four SVs affecting three related transcription factors allowed introduction of an important harvesting trait in modern tomato. Our findings highlight the underexplored role of SVs in genotype-to-phenotype relationships and their widespread importance and utility in crop improvement.
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            Rewiring of the Fruit Metabolome in Tomato Breeding

            Humans heavily rely on dozens of domesticated plant species that have been further improved through intensive breeding. To evaluate how breeding changed the tomato fruit metabolome, we have generated and analyzed a dataset encompassing genomes, transcriptomes, and metabolomes from hundreds of tomato genotypes. The combined results illustrate how breeding globally altered fruit metabolite content. Selection for alleles of genes associated with larger fruits altered metabolite profiles as a consequence of linkage with nearby genes. Selection of five major loci reduced the accumulation of anti-nutritional steroidal glycoalkaloids in ripened fruits, rendering the fruit more edible. Breeding for pink tomatoes modified the content of over 100 metabolites. The introgression of resistance genes from wild relatives in cultivars also resulted in major and unexpected metabolic changes. The study reveals a multi-omics view of the metabolic breeding history of tomato, as well as provides insights into metabolome-assisted breeding and plant biology.
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              Sucrose efflux mediated by SWEET proteins as a key step for phloem transport.

              Plants transport fixed carbon predominantly as sucrose, which is produced in mesophyll cells and imported into phloem cells for translocation throughout the plant. It is not known how sucrose migrates from sites of synthesis in the mesophyll to the phloem, or which cells mediate efflux into the apoplasm as a prerequisite for phloem loading by the SUT sucrose-H(+) (proton) cotransporters. Using optical sucrose sensors, we identified a subfamily of SWEET sucrose efflux transporters. AtSWEET11 and 12 localize to the plasma membrane of the phloem. Mutant plants carrying insertions in AtSWEET11 and 12 are defective in phloem loading, thus revealing a two-step mechanism of SWEET-mediated export from parenchyma cells feeding H(+)-coupled import into the sieve element-companion cell complex. We discuss how restriction of intercellular transport to the interface of adjacent phloem cells may be an effective mechanism to limit the availability of photosynthetic carbon in the leaf apoplasm in order to prevent pathogen infections.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Hortic Res
                Hortic Res
                hr
                Horticulture Research
                Oxford University Press
                2662-6810
                2052-7276
                2023
                11 October 2022
                11 October 2022
                : 10
                : 1
                : uhac229
                Affiliations
                Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University , Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
                College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University , Haikou, 570228, China
                College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University , Haikou, 570228, China
                College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University , Haikou, 570228, China
                Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology , Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
                Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University , Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
                College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University , Haikou, 570228, China
                Author notes
                To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: shouchuang.wang@ 123456hainanu.edu.cn , fernie@ 123456mpimp-golm.mpg.de or yang9yj@ 123456hainanu.edu.cn . Tel: 86-0898-66184571. Fax number: 0898-66184571.

                Shouchuang Wang and Qi Qiang, These authors contributed equally to this work

                Article
                uhac229
                10.1093/hr/uhac229
                9832879
                36643745
                822f6b1c-e9fe-4a01-af8e-399be9cf14cb
                © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 13 May 2022
                : 30 September 2022
                : 01 January 2023
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Categories
                Review Article
                AcademicSubjects/SCI01210
                AcademicSubjects/SCI01140

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