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      Efeitos da adição de batata na silagem de capim-elefante sobre o consumo e a produção em vacas leiteiras Translated title: Effects of addition of potato in elephant-grass silage on intake and production of dairy cows

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          Abstract

          Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção e a composição do leite em vacas alimentadas com silagens contendo batata. Foram selecionadas 12 vacas: 9 delas com 50 a 70 meses de idade e 3 de 36 a 42 meses, lactantes, com peso aproximado de 550 kg. O delineamento experimental foi em três quadrados latinos 4 × 4, composto de quatro períodos experimentais e quatro tratamentos (silagens): silagens de milho (SM); capim-elefante (SC); capim-elefante com 7% de batata (SC 7%); e capim-elefante acrescido de 14% de batata (SC14%). Os animais que receberam as dietas com SM, SC 14% e SC 7% apresentaram ingestões mais altas de MS em comparação àqueles que ingeriram dietas à base de silagem de capim-elefante puro. O fornecimento de silagem de capim-elefante formulada com 14% de resíduo de batata proporcionou aos animais maior produção de leite e de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura, kg de gordura, kg de proteína, kg de sólidos totais, kg de extrato seco desengordurado (ESD) e kg de lactose em comparação à adição de 7% de batata. A silagem de milho foi superior às demais, pois promoveu maior produção de leite, em kg de proteína, kg de ESD e kg de lactose. A silagem de capim-elefante foi inferior às demais para as produções de ESD e de lactose. Não houve diferença entre as silagens para os teores de gordura, proteína, sólidos totais, ESD, lactose e N-ureico no leite - NUL (mg/dL). A adição de 14% de resíduo de batata em silagens de capim-elefante melhora a ingestão de MS e as produções de leite e leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this study was to evaluate production and composition of milk from cows fed silages containing potato. Twelve females were selected: nine between 50 and 70 months of age and three between 36 and 42 months of age, lactating, with approximate weight of 550 kg. The experimental design consisted of 12 cows in three 4 × 4 Latin Squares, with four experimental periods and four treatments: silages of corn (CS); elephant grass (ES); elephant grass activated with 7% potato residue (ES7%) and elephant grass activated with 14% potato residue (ES14%). The animals submitted to the diets with the silages CS, ES 14% and ES 7% presented greater ingestions of DM than those that ingested diets based on silage of pure elephant grass. Supply of diet of elephant grass silage with addition of 14% potato residue presented greater production of milk and milk corrected for 3.5% fat, kg of fat, kg of protein, kg of total solids, kg of degreased dry extract and kg of lactose compared with the addition of 7% potato. The corn silage was superior to the others in production of milk, kg of protein, kg of degreased dry extract (DDE) and kg of lactose. Elephant grass silage presented smaller production than the other silages for kg of DDE and lactose. There was no difference between treatments for fat contents, protein, total solids, DDE, lactose, or milk urea-N (mg/dL). The addition of 14% of potato residue in the elephant grass silage improves ingestion of DM and production of milk.

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          Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle.

          M Allen (2000)
          Physical and chemical characteristics of dietary ingredients and their interactions can have a large effect on dry matter intake (DMI) of lactating cows. Physical limitations caused by distension of the reticulo-rumen or other compartments of the gastrointestinal tract often limit DMI of high producing cows or cows fed high forage diets. Fermentation acids also limit DMI from a combination of increased osmolality in the reticulo-rumen and specific effects of propionate, although the mechanisms are not clear. The specific physical and chemical characteristics of diets that can affect DMI include fiber content, ease of hydrolysis of starch and fiber, particle size, particle fragility, silage fermentation products, concentration and characteristics of fat, and the amount and ruminal degradation of protein. Site of starch digestion affects the form of metabolic fuel absorbed, which can affect DMI because absorbed propionate appears to be more hypophagic than lactate or absorbed glucose. Dry matter intake is likely determined by integration of signals in brain satiety centers. Difficulty in measurement and extensive interactions among the variables make it challenging to account for dietary effects when predicting DMI. However, a greater understanding of the mechanisms along with evaluation of animal responses to diet changes allows diet adjustments to be made to optimize DMI as well as to optimize allocation of diet ingredients to animals. This paper discusses some of the characteristics of dietary ingredients that should be considered when formulating diets for lactating dairy cows and when allocating feeds to different groups of animals on the farm.
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            Starch utilization by ruminants: from basics to the bunk.

            Starch is the major energy component of grains. Wheat contains 77% of DM as starch, corn and sorghum contain 72%, and barley and oats contain 57 to 58%. In vitro systems have provided valuable data on kinetic aspects of starch digestion. Molecular biological techniques have provided a clearer picture of the ruminal microbial milieu. Proportions of starch fermented in the rumen can be predicted satisfactorily for a variety of grains and processing methods. Compared with dry rolling, steam processing (flaking or rolling) increases ruminal digestibility of starch (percentage of intake) from 52 to 78% for sorghum, from 75 to 85% for corn, and six percentage units or less for other grains. Recent research provides new insight into pancreatic function and intestinal glucose transport systems. The capacity to digest starch in the intestine ranges from 45 to 85% of starch entering the duodenum, with that capacity apparently limited by the supply of pancreatic amylase. There is evidence that amylase secretion may be enhanced by increasing duodenal entry of protein. Capacity for active transport of glucose across of gut wall does not seem to limit the amount of starch digested that is absorbed as glucose. For ruminants eating medium- to high-concentrate diets, about 30% of their total glucose need comes from glucose absorption, 50% from organic acid absorption (substrates for hepatic gluconeogenesis), and 20% from other sources. When glucose absorption from the gut increases, ruminants generally adjust (decrease) gluconeogenesis to meet their need; that need is directly linked to DE intake. In terms of overall ME yield, grain starch is best used when it is fermented in the rumen. However, close coordination of protein and starch supply to the duodenum may improve capture of starch in the form of glucose.
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              Milk Fat Yield and Composition During Abomasal infusion of Cis or Trans Octadecenoates In Holstein Cows

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                1516-3598
                1806-9290
                December 2011
                : 40
                : 12
                : 2706-2712
                Affiliations
                [06] orgnameUFLA
                [03] orgnameEmpresa Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais
                [05] orgnameUNIFENAS orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia
                [02] orgnameUFLA orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal de Lavras orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia
                [04] orgnameUFLA orgdiv1Departamento de Ciência Exatas
                Article
                S1516-35982011001200013 S1516-3598(11)04001200013
                81b60dc4-2b24-43c0-b04d-4394e75a5b4c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 2009
                : 28 July 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Forragicultura

                gordura do leite,proteína do leite,sólidos totais,milk fat,milk production corrected for 3.5% fat,milk protein,total solids,produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura

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