Evaluation of Bioactive Restorative Materials’ Color Stability: Effect of Immersion Media and Thermocycling

Abstract

Objectives: One of the most important aspects that determines the clinical lifetime of aesthetic restorations, is the color stability (CS) over the long term. This study aims to assess the effect of artificial aging and thermocycling in different staining solutions on the CS of bioactive restorative materials compared to conventional ones.

Methods: The following four material groups were investigated: ACTIVA™ Bioactive (AB) (Pulpdent Corporation, Massachusetts, United States), Beautifil II (BF) (SHOFU Inc., Kyoto, Japan), Fuji II (FJ) (GC Corporation, Tokyo Japan), and Filtek™ Z350 XT (FT) (3M, Minnesota, United States). A total of 100 specimens were fabricated using an acrylic mold and then immersed in five staining solutions groups: coffee, black tea, Cola, mixed berry juice, and saline. Baseline shade (T0) was recorded using two spectro-photometer devices, VITA Easyshade® Advance (VITA Zahnfabrik, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) and Color-Eye® 7000A (X-Rite, Inc., Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States). Following this, the shade was recorded at 30 days (T1), three months (T2), and after 5000 thermocycles (5C-55C) (T3). CIE L*a*b* (International Commission on Illumination color space) data was used to calculate ΔE for each group.

Results: All samples showed a significant color change (P<0.001) following one and three months of storage and after thermocycling. AB and BF showed the highest CS over time, whereas FT and FJ showed the least CS.

Conclusion: The CS of restorative materials is mostly determined by their type, followed by staining solution type and thermocycling. The most potent solutions were coffee, tea, and berry juice.