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      Ceramides: Shared Lipid Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Schizophrenia Translated title: Церамиды: общие липидные биомаркеры сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и шизофрении

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      1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 3 , 5 , 3 , 1
      Consortium Psychiatricum
      Eco-Vector
      ceramide, schizophrenia, cardiovascular disease, lipid, blood plasma, церамиды, шизофрения, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, липиды, плазма крови

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          Abstract

          INTRODUCTION

          Schizophrenia, although a debilitating mental illness, greatly affects individuals’ physical health as well. One of the leading somatic comorbidities associated with schizophrenia is cardiovascular disease, which has been estimated to be one of the leading causes of excess mortality in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Although the shared susceptibility to schizophrenia and cardiovascular disease is well established, the mechanisms linking these two disorders are not well understood. Genetic studies have hinted toward shared lipid metabolism abnormalities co-occurring in the two disorders, while lipid compounds have emerged as prognostic markers for cardiovascular disease. In particular, three ceramide species in the blood plasma, Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1), have been robustly linked to the latter disorder.

          AIM

          We aimed to assess the differences in abundances of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) in the blood plasma of schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls.

          METHODS

          We measured the abundances of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) in a cohort of 82 patients with schizophrenia and 138 controls without a psychiatric diagnosis and validated the results using an independent cohort of 26 patients with schizophrenia, 55 control individuals, and 19 patients experiencing a first psychotic episode.

          RESULTS

          We found significant alterations for all three ceramide species Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) and a particularly strong difference in concentrations between psychiatric patients and controls for the ceramide species Cer(d18:1/18:0).

          CONCLUSIONS

          The alteration of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) levels in the blood plasma might be a manifestation of metabolic abnormalities common to both schizophrenia and cardiovascular disease.

          АННОТАЦИЯ

          АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ

          Шизофрения является не только психическим заболеванием, но и влияет на физическое здоровье людей. Одними из основных сопутствующих соматических заболеваний, связанных с шизофренией, являются сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, считающиеся одной из основных причин повышенной смертности у пациентов с диагнозом шизофрения. Хотя общая предрасположенность к шизофрении и сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям хорошо известна, механизмы, связывающие эти два расстройства, недостаточно изучены. Генетические исследования указали на общие аномалии липидного обмена, сопутствующие этим двум расстройствам, в то время как липидные соединения были идентифицированы как прогностические маркеры сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В частности, три представителя церамидов, определенной группы липидов, в плазме крови, Cer (d18: 1/16: 0), Cer (d18: 1/18: 0) и Cer (d18: 1/24: 1), были ассоциированы с риском сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.

          ЦЕЛИ

          Мы оценивали различия в содержании Cer (d18: 1/16: 0), Cer (d18: 1/18: 0) и Cer (d18: 1/24: 1) в плазме крови больных шизофренией по сравнению с контрольной группой.

          МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ

          Мы измерили содержание Cer (d18: 1/16: 0), Cer (d18: 1/18: 0) и Cer (d18: 1/24: 1) в когорте из 82 пациентов с шизофренией и 138 человек из контрольной группы без психиатрического диагноза и, далее, подтвердили результаты анализа в слепом исследовании независимой когорты из 26 пациентов с шизофренией, 55 человек из контрольной группы и 19 пациентов, перенесших первый психотический эпизод.

          РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

          Мы обнаружили значительные изменения для всех трех видов церамидов Cer (d18: 1/16: 0), Cer (d18: 1/18: 0) и Cer (d18: 1/24: 1). Среди этих соединений Cer (d18: 1/18: 0) показал наиболее сильные наибольшую разницу между пациентами и контрольной группой.

          ВЫВОДЫ

          Изменение уровней Cer (d18: 1/16: 0), Cer (d18: 1/18: 0) и Cer (d18: 1/24: 1) в плазме крови может быть проявлением метаболических аномалий, общих для как шизофрении, так и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.

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          Most cited references49

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          Mortality in mental disorders and global disease burden implications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Despite the potential importance of understanding excess mortality among people with mental disorders, no comprehensive meta-analyses have been conducted quantifying mortality across mental disorders.
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            Prevalence, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with pooled and specific severe mental illness: a large-scale meta-analysis of 3,211,768 patients and 113,383,368 controls.

            People with severe mental illness (SMI) - schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder - appear at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but a comprehensive meta-analysis is lacking. We conducted a large-scale meta-analysis assessing the prevalence and incidence of CVD; coronary heart disease; stroke, transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular disease; congestive heart failure; peripheral vascular disease; and CVD-related death in SMI patients (N=3,211,768) versus controls (N=113,383,368) (92 studies). The pooled CVD prevalence in SMI patients (mean age 50 years) was 9.9% (95% CI: 7.4-13.3). Adjusting for a median of seven confounders, patients had significantly higher odds of CVD versus controls in cross-sectional studies (odds ratio, OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.27-1.83; 11 studies), and higher odds of coronary heart disease (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.47-1.55) and cerebrovascular disease (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.21-1.66). People with major depressive disorder were at increased risk for coronary heart disease, while those with schizophrenia were at increased risk for coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and congestive heart failure. Cumulative CVD incidence in SMI patients was 3.6% (95% CI: 2.7-5.3) during a median follow-up of 8.4 years (range 1.8-30.0). Adjusting for a median of six confounders, SMI patients had significantly higher CVD incidence than controls in longitudinal studies (hazard ratio, HR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.60-1.98; 31 studies). The incidence was also higher for coronary heart disease (HR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.30-1.82), cerebrovascular disease (HR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.26-2.14), congestive heart failure (HR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.64-2.70), and CVD-related death (HR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.53-2.24). People with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were all at increased risk of CVD-related death versus controls. CVD incidence increased with antipsychotic use (p=0.008), higher body mass index (p=0.008) and higher baseline CVD prevalence (p=0.03) in patients vs.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Resources
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Resources
                Role: Data curation
                Role: Data curation
                Role: Resources
                Role: Resources
                Role: Data curation
                Role: MethodologyRole: Supervision
                Role: Data curation
                Role: MethodologyRole: Supervision
                Role: Writing – original draftRole: MethodologyRole: Supervision
                Journal
                Consort Psychiatr
                Consort Psychiatr
                Consortium Psychiatricum
                Consortium Psychiatricum
                Eco-Vector
                2712-7672
                2713-2919
                2021
                05 November 2021
                : 2
                : 3
                : 35-43
                Affiliations
                V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia Сколковский институт науки и технологий, центр нейробиологии и нейрореабилитации, Москва, Россия
                Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В.П. Сербского» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Москва, Россия
                Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы», Москва, Россия
                Mental Health Research Center of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья», Москва, Россия
                Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russia ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет пишевых производств», Москва, Россия
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Anna I. Tkachev, anna.tkachev@ 123456skolkovotech.ru
                Article
                2712-7672_2021_2_3_35
                10.17816/CP101
                11262249
                39044755
                8088588f-1a5d-42b2-9ede-1e19aa2955e0
                © Authors, 2021

                This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 August 2021
                : 08 September 2021
                Categories
                Research

                ceramide,schizophrenia,cardiovascular disease,lipid,blood plasma,церамиды,шизофрения,сердечно-сосудистые заболевания,липиды,плазма крови

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