The extent of application of genetic technologies to aquaculture production varies widely by species and geography.
Achieving a more universal application of seed derived from scientifically based breeding programmes is an important goal in order to meet increasing global demands for seafood production.
This article reviews the status of genetic technologies across the world’s top 10 highly produced species.
Opportunities and barriers to achieving broad-scale uptake of genetic technologies in global aquaculture are discussed.
A future outlook for potential disruptive genetic technologies and how they might affect global aquaculture production is given.
Aquaculture production comprises a diverse range of species, geographies, and farming systems. The application of genetics and breeding technologies towards improved production is highly variable, ranging from the use of wild-sourced seed through to advanced family breeding programmes augmented by genomic techniques. This technical variation exists across some of the most highly produced species globally, with several of the top ten global species by volume generally lacking well-managed breeding programmes. Given the well-documented incremental and cumulative benefits of genetic improvement on production, this is a major missed opportunity. This short review focusses on (i) the status of application of selective breeding in the world’s most produced aquaculture species, (ii) the range of genetic technologies available and the opportunities they present, and (iii) a future outlook towards realising the potential contribution of genetic technologies to aquaculture sustainability and global food security.