From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Feelings of hunger and satiety are the key determinants for maintaining the life of humans and animals. Disturbed appetite control may disrupt the metabolic health of the host and cause various metabolic disorders. A variety of factors have been implicated in appetite control, including gut microbiota, which develop the intricate interactions to manipulate the metabolic requirements and hedonic feelings. Gut microbial metabolites and components act as appetite-related signaling molecules to regulate appetite-related hormone secretion and the immune system, or act directly on hypothalamic neurons. Herein, we summarize the effects of gut microbiota on host appetite and consider the potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose that the manipulation of gut microbiota represents a clinical therapeutic potential for lessening the development and consequence of appetite-related disorders.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-021-01093-y.

Related collections

Most cited references 234

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

John F. Cryan, Kenneth J. O'Riordan, Caitlin S M Cowan … (2019)

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.

0 comments Cited 1339 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity.

Amandine Everard, Clara Belzer, Lucie Geurts … (2013)

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by altered gut microbiota, inflammation, and gut barrier disruption. Microbial composition and the mechanisms of interaction with the host that affect gut barrier function during obesity and type 2 diabetes have not been elucidated. We recently isolated Akkermansia muciniphila, which is a mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the mucus layer. The presence of this bacterium inversely correlates with body weight in rodents and humans. However, the precise physiological roles played by this bacterium during obesity and metabolic disorders are unknown. This study demonstrated that the abundance of A. muciniphila decreased in obese and type 2 diabetic mice. We also observed that prebiotic feeding normalized A. muciniphila abundance, which correlated with an improved metabolic profile. In addition, we demonstrated that A. muciniphila treatment reversed high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders, including fat-mass gain, metabolic endotoxemia, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. A. muciniphila administration increased the intestinal levels of endocannabinoids that control inflammation, the gut barrier, and gut peptide secretion. Finally, we demonstrated that all these effects required viable A. muciniphila because treatment with heat-killed cells did not improve the metabolic profile or the mucus layer thickness. In summary, this study provides substantial insight into the intricate mechanisms of bacterial (i.e., A. muciniphila) regulation of the cross-talk between the host and gut microbiota. These results also provide a rationale for the development of a treatment that uses this human mucus colonizer for the prevention or treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.

0 comments Cited 1063 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.

Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Trine H Nielsen, Junjie Qin … (2014)

We are facing a global metabolic health crisis provoked by an obesity epidemic. Here we report the human gut microbial composition in a population sample of 123 non-obese and 169 obese Danish individuals. We find two groups of individuals that differ by the number of gut microbial genes and thus gut bacterial richness. They contain known and previously unknown bacterial species at different proportions; individuals with a low bacterial richness (23% of the population) are characterized by more marked overall adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and a more pronounced inflammatory phenotype when compared with high bacterial richness individuals. The obese individuals among the lower bacterial richness group also gain more weight over time. Only a few bacterial species are sufficient to distinguish between individuals with high and low bacterial richness, and even between lean and obese participants. Our classifications based on variation in the gut microbiome identify subsets of individuals in the general white adult population who may be at increased risk of progressing to adiposity-associated co-morbidities.

0 comments Cited 1056 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Jie Yin: yinjie2014@126.com

Liang Chen: chenliang01@caas.cn

Hongfu Zhang: zhanghongfu@caas.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Microbiome

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Microbiome

Title: Microbiome

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2049-2618

Publication date (Electronic): 20 July 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 20 July 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 162

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.410727.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0526 1937, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ; Beijing, 100193 China

[2 ]GRID grid.4861.b, ISNI 0000 0001 0805 7253, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, , University of Liège, ; Passage de Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium

[3 ]GRID grid.257160.7, ISNI 0000 0004 1761 0331, College of Animal Science and Technology, , Hunan Agricultural University, ; Changsha, 410128 China

[4 ]GRID grid.9227.e, ISNI 0000000119573309, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, , Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Changsha, Hunan 410125 China

Author information

Hui Han http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-8932

Article

Publisher ID: 1093

DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01093-y

PMC ID: 8293578

PubMed ID: 34284827

SO-VID: 7fdf2ca8-1328-4bc6-a4c9-9b19ef869af4

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 8 April 2021

Date accepted : 11 May 2021

Funding

Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation

Award ID: 31702119, 31672428

Award Recipient : Hongfu Zhang

Funded by: Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program

Award ID: CAAS-ZDRW202006-02, ASTIP-IAS07

Award Recipient : Hongfu Zhang

Funded by: Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CN)

Award ID: Y2021GH01-4

Award Recipient : Hongfu Zhang

Custom metadata

Keywords: gut microbiota,appetite,metabolites,hormone,immune

Data availability:

Keywords: gut microbiota, appetite, metabolites, hormone, immune

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Cited by 61

See all cited by

Most referenced authors 3,756

See all reference authors

- Version 1

From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators

Read this article at

Abstract

Supplementary Information

Related collections

Tick microbiome

Most cited references 234

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity.

Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author information

Article

History

Funding

Categories

Custom metadata

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 305

Cited by 61

Most referenced authors 3,756