[1
]WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, Davos Dorf, 7260,
Switzerland.
[2
]Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC,
Davos Dorf, Switzerland.
[3
]Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers
Allé 4-8, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
[4
]Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sadkach
7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
[5
]Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081
HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
[6
]Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
[7
]Genetics Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7223, USA.
[8
]Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[9
]Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland,
Árleyni 22, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland.
[10
]Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate
and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway.
[11
]Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
[12
]Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
[13
]Dutch Research Council (NWO), The Hague, The Netherlands.
[14
]Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University
of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 15, Greifswald, 17487, Germany.
[15
]Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg
A45, Potsdam, 14473, Germany.
[16
]Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099,
Germany.
[17
]Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University
of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy.
[18
]Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
[19
]British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
[20
]Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics,
UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.
[21
]Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, Longyearbyen,
Svalbard 9171, Norway.
[22
]Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science,
Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden.
[23
]Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management,
University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
[24
]Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder. CO 80309-0450,
USA.
[25
]Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver,
BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[26
]Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[27
]Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse
111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.
[28
]Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
[29
]School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW, Sidney, Australia.
[30
]Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
[31
]Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
[32
]Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
[33
]Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.
[34
]Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
[35
]Department of Applied Ecology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
[36
]Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508,
USA.
[37
]Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102, Reykjavík,
Iceland.
[38
]Korea Polar Reseach Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
[39
]School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
32611, USA.
[40
]Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
[41
]Oulanka Research Station, University of Oulu, Liikasenvaarantie 134, Kuusamo, 93900,
Finland.
[42
]NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjekrnes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.
[43
]Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1,
Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium.
[44
]Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, 4000,
Denmark.
[45
]Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Arctic and Alpine
Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
[46
]School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK.
[47
]Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87,
Sweden.
[48
]Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield,
S10 2TN, UK.
[49
]Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department
of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna.
[50
]Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California
Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
[51
]Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage,
AK 99508, USA.
[52
]Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison,
WI 53706, USA.
[53
]Ecology and Genetics Rresearch Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran street 1,
Linnanmaa, Oulu 90014, Finland.
[54
]Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria
3125, Australia.
[55
]Northern Environmental Geoscience Laboratory, Department of Geography and Planning,
Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
[56
]University of the Arctic (UArctic), Rovaniemi 96101, Finland.
[57
]Swiss National Park, Chasté Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch, 7530, Zernez.
[58
]Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains,
Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University,
Changchun, 130024, China.
