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      Flexural strength of pure Ti, Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloys submitted to Nd:YAG laser or TIG welding

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          Abstract

          Welding of metals and alloys is important to Dentistry for fabrication of dental prostheses. Several methods of soldering metals and alloys are currently used. The purpose of this study was to assess, using the flexural strength testing, the efficacy of two processes Nd:YAG laser and TIG (tungsten inert gas) for welding of pure Ti, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys. Sixty cylindrical specimens were prepared (20 of each material), bisected and welded using different techniques. Four groups were formed (n=15). I: Nd:YAG laser welding; II- Nd:YAG laser welding using a filling material; III- TIG welding and IV (control): no welding (intact specimens). The specimens were tested in flexural strength and the results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA. There was significant differences (p<0.001) among the non-welded materials, the Co-Cr alloy being the most resistant to deflection. Comparing the welding processes, significant differences (p<0.001) where found between TIG and laser welding and also between laser alone and laser plus filling material. In conclusion, TIG welding yielded higher flexural strength means than Nd:YAG laser welding for the tested Ti, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys.

          Translated abstract

          O processo de soldagem de metais e ligas é importante para a Odontologia para fabricação de próteses dentárias. Existem atualmente diversos métodos utilizados na soldagem de metais e ligas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a solda do Titânio e ligas de Ni-Cr e Co-Cr usando o sistema TIG e o laser Nd:YAG utilizando o teste de resistência à flexão. Sessenta corpos-de-prova cilíndricos foram confeccionados (20 de cada material), seccionados ao meio e soldados por TIG ou por laser de Nd:YAG, com e sem um material da preenchimento. Quaro grupos foram formados (n=15). I: soldagem a laser de Nd:YAG; II: soldagem à laser usando um material de preenchimento; III: soldagem com TIG; IV (controle): sem soldagem (corpos-de-prova intactos) As amostras foram submetidas a ensaios de flexão e os resultados analisados pela ANOVA a um critério. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o metal e as ligas íntegras (p<0.001), sendo a liga do Co-Cr o mais resistente à deflexão. Ao se comparar os diferentes processos de soldagem, diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0.001) foi encontrada entre a solda TIG e o laser de Nd:YAG e entre este e o laser mais o material de preenchimento. Conclui-se que a soldagem com TIG apresentou melhores resultados que a soldagem com o laser de Nd:YAG para os três materiais testados.

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          Most cited references15

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          Laser-welded vs soldered nonprecious alloy dental bridges: a comparative study.

          The high cost of gold alloy has caused the dental profession to begin substituting nonprecious alloy for the framework in porcelain fused to metal bridges. Especially in long-span bridges it may be advantageous to make multiple castings and then join them for a better fit. As opposed to the highly successful soldering of gold, soldered nonprecious alloy bridges have a great failure rate in the mouth. Removal of and remaking of the bridges is thus the result. This study compares nonprecious units that have been laser-welded with those conventionally soldered. Seven identical bridges of three units were cast in a popular alloy composed of 74-78% nickel, 12-15% chromium, 4-6% molybdenum, and 1.8% maximum beryllium. One served as a control, while the remaining six were all cut in the same place. Of these, three were soldered with a gas oxygen torch. The other three were welded with a Nd-YAG laser. Better and stronger joints unlikely to fracture in the mouth were found with the laser-welded specimen.
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            Laser welding in the dental laboratory: an alternative to soldering.

            Only recently has laser welding been applied to dental technology, primarily as an alternative to soldering. This article addresses how the laser is used for welding, the effect welding has on metals as the energy is converted into heat and reacts with the alloy's surface and the practicality of laser welding in the dental laboratory. A step-by-step procedure for accomplishing laser-welded connections in a fixed partial denture is included. A laser-welded clasp repair using wrought wire and the addition of custom cast parts welded to an existing removable partial denture framework on the master model are also shown.
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              Mechanical properties of laser welds of titanium in dentistry by pulsed Nd:YAG laser apparatus.

              The use of titanium in dentistry is increasing, and an adequate method of joining titanium units of restorations is needed. This study examined the welding of titanium with a normal pulse Nd:YAG laser. Laser welding of titanium was effective when performed in an argon atmosphere. ANOVA for the three-point bending test showed a correlation between the bending strength of a weld, the atmosphere under which the irradiation is performed, and the intensity of the irradiation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bdj
                Brazilian Dental Journal
                Braz. Dent. J.
                Fundação Odontológica de Ribeirão Preto (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )
                0103-6440
                1806-4760
                2006
                : 17
                : 1
                : 20-23
                Affiliations
                [01] São José dos Campos SP orgnameUniversity of Vale do Paraíba orgdiv1Institute of Research and Development orgdiv2Faculty of Health Sciences Brazil
                [02] Salvador BA orgnameUFBA orgdiv1Faculty of Dentistry orgdiv2Laser Center Brazil
                Article
                S0103-64402006000100005 S0103-6440(06)01700105
                /S0103-64402006000100005
                16721459
                7ea83eb4-2235-498e-ac26-45dfbeab74c5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                dental prosthesis,dentistry,Nd:YAG laser,tungsten inert gas welding,laser welding

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