Self-powered CH ₃NH ₃PbI ₃ perovskite photodiode with a noise-suppressible passivation layer of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Abstract

Organohalide perovskite materials and related optoelectronic applications have drawn significant attention due to their promising high-performance photon-to-electricity conversion efficiencies. Herein, we demonstrate a highly sensitive self-powered perovskite-based photodetector created with a noise-current-suppressible passivation layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at the interface between a CH ₃NH ₃PbI ₃ light-absorbing layer and a NiO _x hole-transporting layer. Along with the defect passivation effect, the PMMA layer effectively diminishes unwanted carrier recombination losses at the interface, resulting in a significant reduction of the leakage/noise current. Consequently, without external bias, a remarkably high level of specific detectivity (∼4.5 × 10 ¹³ Jones from the dark current and ∼0.81 × 10 ¹² Jones from the noise current) can be achieved due to the use of the PMMA passivation layer, greatly exceeding those of conventional unpassivated perovskite devices. Moreover, we observed a very wide linear dynamic response range of ∼129 dB together with rapid rise and decay response times of ∼52 and ∼18 µs, respectively. Overall, these results provide a solid foundation for advanced interface-engineering to realize high-performance self-powered perovskite photodetectors for various optoelectronic applications.