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      An Islamic Form of Logotherapy in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms in University Students in Iran

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          Abstract

          Previous research demonstrated that spiritually sensitive psychotherapy is an effective treatment for clients with depression or anxiety, with outcomes equivalent to secular control interventions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of spiritually sensitive logotherapy intervention in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in university students in Iran. Sixty students with elevated depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II, BDI-II, 22 or greater) were randomly assigned to either a twelve-session group logotherapy programme or a control group. Results showed that spiritually sensitive logotherapy significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and stress, and significantly more so than in the control group (e.g. interaction effect for BDI-II: F = 56.8, p < 0.001, with a large effect size).

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          G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences

          Franz Faul, Edgar Erdfelder, Albert-Georg Lang … (2007)
          G*Power (Erdfelder, Faul, & Buchner, 1996) was designed as a general stand-alone power analysis program for statistical tests commonly used in social and behavioral research. G*Power 3 is a major extension of, and improvement over, the previous versions. It runs on widely used computer platforms (i.e., Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Mac OS X 10.4) and covers many different statistical tests of the t, F, and chi2 test families. In addition, it includes power analyses for z tests and some exact tests. G*Power 3 provides improved effect size calculators and graphic options, supports both distribution-based and design-based input modes, and offers all types of power analyses in which users might be interested. Like its predecessors, G*Power 3 is free.
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            A power primer.

            Jacob Cohen (1992)
            One possible reason for the continued neglect of statistical power analysis in research in the behavioral sciences is the inaccessibility of or difficulty with the standard material. A convenient, although not comprehensive, presentation of required sample sizes is provided here. Effect-size indexes and conventional values for these are given for operationally defined small, medium, and large effects. The sample sizes necessary for .80 power to detect effects at these levels are tabled for eight standard statistical tests: (a) the difference between independent means, (b) the significance of a product-moment correlation, (c) the difference between independent rs, (d) the sign test, (e) the difference between independent proportions, (f) chi-square tests for goodness of fit and contingency tables, (g) one-way analysis of variance, and (h) the significance of a multiple or multiple partial correlation.
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              The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories

              P.F. Lovibond, S.H. Lovibond (1995)
              The psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were evaluated in a normal sample of N = 717 who were also administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The DASS was shown to possess satisfactory psychometric properties, and the factor structure was substantiated both by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In comparison to the BDI and BAI, the DASS scales showed greater separation in factor loadings. The DASS Anxiety scale correlated 0.81 with the BAI, and the DASS Depression scale correlated 0.74 with the BDI. Factor analyses suggested that the BDI differs from the DASS Depression scale primarily in that the BDI includes items such as weight loss, insomnia, somatic preoccupation and irritability, which fail to discriminate between depression and other affective states. The factor structure of the combined BDI and BAI items was virtually identical to that reported by Beck for a sample of diagnosed depressed and anxious patients, supporting the view that these clinical states are more severe expressions of the same states that may be discerned in normals. Implications of the results for the conceptualisation of depression, anxiety and tension/stress are considered, and the utility of the DASS scales in discriminating between these constructs is discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Shapour Fereydouni: shapour.fereydouni@gmail.com
                Simon Forstmeier:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-1512
                simon.forstmeier@uni-siegen.de
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Relig Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Relig Health
                Title: Journal of Religion and Health
                Publisher: Springer US (New York )
                ISSN (Print): 0022-4197
                ISSN (Electronic): 1573-6571
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 January 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 11 January 2022
                Publication date (Print): 2022
                Volume: 61
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 139-157
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.5836.8, ISNI 0000 0001 2242 8751, Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology of the Lifespan, Institute of Psychology, , University of Siegen, ; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57068 Siegen, Germany
                [2 ]GRID grid.510409.9, ISNI 0000 0004 6092 1266, Department of Educational Psychology, , Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran Branch, ; Gachsaran, Iran
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-1512
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1495
                DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01495-0
                PMC ID: 8837512
                PubMed ID: 35018526
                SO-VID: 7e1f6fe3-b7a4-4a4b-9361-6c4ae5f7118e
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date accepted : 29 December 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Universität Siegen (3162)
                Open Access :

                Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Sociology
                Keywords: spiritually sensitive psychotherapy,logotherapy,depression,anxiety,stress,university students
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Sociology
                Keywords: spiritually sensitive psychotherapy, logotherapy, depression, anxiety, stress, university students

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