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      Hearing screening analysis in children exposed to the Zika virus Translated title: Análise da triagem auditiva de crianças expostas ao vírus Zika

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the results of neonatal hearing screening examinations in newborns with and without microcephaly, exposed to the Zika virus, without other risk indicators for hearing loss, and verify the association between screening results, sample characteristics, and the gestational trimester when exposure took place. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Subjects included in the study had no risk indicator for hearing loss other than microcephaly, and presented, along with their mothers, positive RT-PCR results, respectively at birth and during pregnancy. The transient evoked otoacoustic emission and brainstem auditory evoked potential examinations were applied by the researcher between March 2016 and December 2017. Newborns failed the screening when they failed at least one retest in at least one ear. The data were descriptively analyzed, using the Fisher exact test; p-values equal to or lower than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: out of the 45 subjects, 30 (66.7%) were females, 6.7% were likely to have sensorineural hearing loss, with or without auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder - which was possibly present in only one ear of one of these three subjects. Failure in the screening was statistically significant in subjects with at least one of the congenital Zika syndrome characteristics and subjects with subcortical calcification and brain cortex thinning, macular chorioretinal atrophy with focal pigmentary mottling, and hypertonia with symptoms of extrapyramidal involvement. The gestational trimester of exposure was associated with screening results. Conclusion: the responses in screening point to the possibility of hearing loss in newborns with and without microcephaly, whereas the presence of microcephaly was not significant to examination failures. Exposure in the first gestational trimester indicated a possible relationship with screening failures.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os resultados dos exames de triagem auditiva neonatal de recém-nascidos sem e com microcefalia expostos ao vírus Zika, que não apresentaram outros indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva e verificar a associação entre o resultado da triagem, as características da amostra e o trimestre gestacional em que ocorreu a exposição. Métodos: estudo descritivo de corte transversal. Fizeram parte do estudo sujeitos sem indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva, com exceção da microcefalia, cujas mães apresentaram na gestação o exame RT-PCR positivo e sujeitos que tiveram o RT-PCR positivo, ao nascimento. Os exames de Emissões Otoacústicas Transientes e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico foram aplicados, pela pesquisadora, entre março de 2016 e dezembro de 2017. O recém-nato foi considerado reprovado na triagem quando apresentou falha em pelo menos um reteste, em ao menos uma orelha. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e utilizando-se o teste estatístico exato de Fisher, p valor menor ou igual a 0,05 foi considerado significante. Resultados: dos 45 sujeitos, 30 (66,7%) eram do sexo feminino, 6,7% apresentaram a probabilidade de alteração do tipo sensorioneural, com ou sem espectro da neuropatia auditiva e somente um dentre esses três sujeitos apresentou uma das orelhas com chance do espectro da neuropatia auditiva, isoladamente. A falha na triagem foi estatisticamente significativa, nos sujeitos que apresentavam pelo menos uma característica da Síndrome da Zika Congênita e nos sujeitos com calcificação subcortical com afilamento do córtex cerebral, atrofia coriorretiniana macular com moteado pigmentar focal e hipertonia com sintomas de envolvimento extrapiramidal. Houve associação do trimestre gestacional da exposição com o resultado de triagem. Conclusão: as respostas verificadas pela triagem apontam para a possibilidade de alteração auditiva em recém-nascidos sem e com microcefalia, onde a presença da microcefalia não foi significante para falha nos exames. A exposição no primeiro trimestre gestacional indicou uma possível relação com falhas na triagem.

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          Most cited references28

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          Characterizing the Pattern of Anomalies in Congenital Zika Syndrome for Pediatric Clinicians

          Zika virus infection can be prenatally passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that intrauterine Zika virus infection is a cause of microcephaly and serious brain anomalies, but the full spectrum of anomalies has not been delineated. To inform pediatric clinicians who may be called on to evaluate and treat affected infants and children, we review the most recent evidence to better characterize congenital Zika syndrome.
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            Language of early- and later-identified children with hearing loss.

            To compare the language abilities of earlier- and later-identified deaf and hard-of-hearing children. We compared the receptive and expressive language abilities of 72 deaf or hard-of-hearing children whose hearing losses were identified by 6 months of age with 78 children whose hearing losses were identified after the age of 6 months. All of the children received early intervention services within an average of 2 months after identification. The participants' receptive and expressive language abilities were measured using the Minnesota Child Development Inventory. Children whose hearing losses were identified by 6 months of age demonstrated significantly better language scores than children identified after 6 months of age. For children with normal cognitive abilities, this language advantage was found across all test ages, communication modes, degrees of hearing loss, and socioeconomic strata. It also was independent of gender, minority status, and the presence or absence of additional disabilities. Significantly better language development was associated with early identification of hearing loss and early intervention. There was no significant difference between the earlier- and later-identified groups on several variables frequently associated with language ability in deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Thus, the variable on which the two groups differed (age of identification and intervention) must be considered a potential explanation for the language advantage documented in the earlier-identified group.
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              Microcephaly in Infants, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 2015

              (2016)
              We studied the clinical characteristics for 104 infants born with microcephaly in the delivery hospitals of Pernambuco State, Brazil, during 2015. Testing is ongoing to exclude known infectious causes. However, microcephaly peaked in October and demonstrated central nervous system abnormalities with brain dysgenesis and intracranial calcifications consistent with an intrauterine infection.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcefac
                Revista CEFAC
                Rev. CEFAC
                ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1516-1846
                1982-0216
                2022
                : 24
                : 1
                : e7421
                Affiliations
                [1] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto Fernandes Figueira orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher Brazil
                [4] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto Fernandes Figueira orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pesquisa Aplicada a Saúde da Criança e da Mulher Brazil
                [3] Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Departamento de Fonoaudiologia Brazil
                [2] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto Fernandes Figueira orgdiv2Departamento de Pesquisa Brazil
                Article
                S1516-18462022000100507 S1516-1846(22)02400100507
                10.1590/1982-0216/20222417421
                7e08443f-a785-4d3e-8e83-7e91e6a6bb2f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 March 2022
                : 16 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Newborn,Hearing Loss,Zika Virus,Microcephaly,Congenital Abnormalities,Recém-Nascido,Perda Auditiva,Zika virus,Microcefalia,Anormalidades Congênitas

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