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      Application of three-dimensional prototyping in planning the treatment of proximal humerus bone deformities Translated title: O uso da prototipagem tridimensional para o planejamento do tratamento das deformidades ósseas do úmero proximal

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To describe the use of three-dimensional prototyping or rapid prototyping in acrylic resin to create synthetic three-dimensional models in order to promote the understanding of bone deformities of the shoulder.

          Methods

          Five patients were analyzed between ages of 11 and 73 years old, treated between 2008 and 2013 with glenohumeral deformities that required a more thorough review of the anatomical alterations, for whom three-dimensional prototyping was performed.

          Results

          Patient 1 was treated conservatively and is awaiting humeral head arthroplasty if symptoms get worse. Patient 2 underwent a valgus proximal humerus osteotomy secured with pediatric locked hip plate according to a prior assessment with prototyping. Patient 3 underwent a disinsertion of the rotator cuff, tubercleplasty and posterior reinsertion of the rotator cuff. Patient 4 underwent an arthroscopic step-off resection, 360-degree capsulotomy, and tenolysis of the subscapularis. Patient 5 underwent a reverse shoulder arthroplasty with an L-shaped bone graft on the posterior glenoid.

          Conclusions

          Rapid prototyping in acrylic resin allows a better preoperative planning in treatment of bone deformities in the shoulder, minimizing the risk of intraoperative complications in an attempt to improve the results.

          Resumo

          Objetivo

          Descrever o uso da prototipagem tridimensional ou prototipagem rápida em resina acrílica na criação de modelos sintéticos tridimensionais para facilitar o entendimento das deformidades ósseas do ombro.

          Métodos

          Foram analisados cinco pacientes entre 11 e 73 anos, tratados entre 2008 e 2013, com deformidades glenoumerais, que necessitavam de uma avaliação mais precisa da alteração anatômica, nos quais foi feita a prototipagem tridimensional.

          Resultados

          O paciente 1 foi tratado conservadoramente e aguarda artroplastia da cabeça umeral caso haja pioria dos sintomas. O paciente 2 foi submetido a osteotomia valgizante do úmero proximal, fixada com placa bloqueada de quadril pediátrica conforme avaliação prévia da prototipagem. O paciente 3 foi submetido a desinserção do manguito e plastia dos tubérculos e posterior reinserção do manguito rotador. O paciente 4 foi submetido a ressecção artroscópica do degrau articular, capsulotomia 360 graus e tenólise do subescapular. O paciente 5 foi submetido a artroplastia reversa de ombro com enxerto ósseo em L na glenoide posterossuperior.

          Conclusão

          A prototipagem rápida em resina acrílica permite um melhor planejamento pré-operatório no tratamento das deformidades ósseas no ombro, minimiza o risco de intercorrências intraoperatórias, numa tentativa de aprimorar os resultados.

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          Most cited references39

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          The design of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Part II. Rapid prototyping techniques.

          Tissue engineering (TE) is an important emerging area in biomedical engineering for creating biological alternatives for harvested tissues, implants, and prostheses. In TE, a highly porous artificial extracellular matrix or scaffold is required to accommodate mammalian cells and guide their growth and tissue regeneration in three-dimension (3D). However, existing 3D scaffolds for TE proved less than ideal for actual applications because they lack mechanical strength, interconnected channels, and controlled porosity or pores distribution. In this paper, the authors review the application and advancement of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques in the design and creation of synthetic scaffolds for use in TE. We also review the advantages and benefits, and limitations and shortcomings of current RP techniques as well as the future direction of RP development in TE scaffold fabrication.
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            Patient specific ankle-foot orthoses using rapid prototyping

            Background Prefabricated orthotic devices are currently designed to fit a range of patients and therefore they do not provide individualized comfort and function. Custom-fit orthoses are superior to prefabricated orthotic devices from both of the above-mentioned standpoints. However, creating a custom-fit orthosis is a laborious and time-intensive manual process performed by skilled orthotists. Besides, adjustments made to both prefabricated and custom-fit orthoses are carried out in a qualitative manner. So both comfort and function can potentially suffer considerably. A computerized technique for fabricating patient-specific orthotic devices has the potential to provide excellent comfort and allow for changes in the standard design to meet the specific needs of each patient. Methods In this paper, 3D laser scanning is combined with rapid prototyping to create patient-specific orthoses. A novel process was engineered to utilize patient-specific surface data of the patient anatomy as a digital input, manipulate the surface data to an optimal form using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, and then download the digital output from the CAD software to a rapid prototyping machine for fabrication. Results Two AFOs were rapidly prototyped to demonstrate the proposed process. Gait analysis data of a subject wearing the AFOs indicated that the rapid prototyped AFOs performed comparably to the prefabricated polypropylene design. Conclusions The rapidly prototyped orthoses fabricated in this study provided good fit of the subject's anatomy compared to a prefabricated AFO while delivering comparable function (i.e. mechanical effect on the biomechanics of gait). The rapid fabrication capability is of interest because it has potential for decreasing fabrication time and cost especially when a replacement of the orthosis is required.
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              Tuberosity malposition and migration: Reasons for poor outcomes after hemiarthroplasty for displaced fractures of the proximal humerus

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Rev Bras Ortop
                Rev Bras Ortop
                Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia
                Elsevier
                2255-4971
                02 August 2018
                Sep-Oct 2018
                02 August 2018
                : 53
                : 5
                : 595-601
                Affiliations
                [a ]Grupo de Cirurgia de Ombro, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
                [b ]Hospital Unimed Nordeste, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author. marcotonding@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2255-4971(18)30105-8
                10.1016/j.rboe.2018.07.016
                6148713
                30258825
                7db49461-b596-474f-875f-8d2ea0376f53
                © 2018 Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. on behalf of Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 9 May 2017
                : 18 July 2017
                Categories
                Original Article

                humerus,upper extremity congenital deformities,bone fractures,artroplasty,osteotomy,úmero,deformidades congênitas das extremidades superiores,fraturas ósseas,artroplastia,osteotomia

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