Test-retest reliability of nerve and muscle morphometric characteristics utilizing ultrasound imaging in individuals with unilateral sciatica and controls

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Abstract

Background

Ultrasound imaging has been suggested for studying the structure and function of nerves and muscles; however, reliability studies are limited to support the usage. The main aim of this study was to explore the intrarater within-session reliability of evaluating the sciatic nerve and some related muscles morphology by ultrasound imaging.

Methods

Three B-mode images from two scans (transverse and longitudinal) were acquired from the multifidus, biceps femoris, soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles bilaterally from 15 participants with sciatica and 15 controls in one session, 1-h apart. The data were collected from March to July 2017. Contraction ratio was measured only by longitudinal scan, while the echo intensity was measured using maximum rectangular region of interest in two scans (transverse and longitudinal) for all muscles. Cross-sectional area, direct (tracing) and indirect (ellipsoid formula) methods were used to measure the sciatic nerve. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3,1), standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were calculated.

Results

Good to high ICCs (0.80–0.96) were found for muscle contraction ratio in the longitudinal scans in all the muscles in both sciatica and control groups. For echo intensity measurements ICCs ranged from moderate to high, with higher ICCs seen with the maximum region of interest in the transverse scans. The minimal detectable change values ranged between 0.11 and 0.53 cm for contraction ratio.

Conclusions

Ultrasound imaging has high intrarater within-session reliability for assessing the sciatic nerve Cross-sectional area and muscle contraction ratios. Transverse scans with the maximum region of interest result in higher reliability. The sciatic Cross-sectional area is most accurately measured utilizing the direct tracing method rather than the indirect ellipsoid method.

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Most cited references 37

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Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM.

Joseph Weir (2005)

Reliability, the consistency of a test or measurement, is frequently quantified in the movement sciences literature. A common metric is the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). In addition, the SEM, which can be calculated from the ICC, is also frequently reported in reliability studies. However, there are several versions of the ICC, and confusion exists in the movement sciences regarding which ICC to use. Further, the utility of the SEM is not fully appreciated. In this review, the basics of classic reliability theory are addressed in the context of choosing and interpreting an ICC. The primary distinction between ICC equations is argued to be one concerning the inclusion (equations 2,1 and 2,k) or exclusion (equations 3,1 and 3,k) of systematic error in the denominator of the ICC equation. Inferential tests of mean differences, which are performed in the process of deriving the necessary variance components for the calculation of ICC values, are useful to determine if systematic error is present. If so, the measurement schedule should be modified (removing trials where learning and/or fatigue effects are present) to remove systematic error, and ICC equations that only consider random error may be safely used. The use of ICC values is discussed in the context of estimating the effects of measurement error on sample size, statistical power, and correlation attenuation. Finally, calculation and application of the SEM are discussed. It is shown how the SEM and its variants can be used to construct confidence intervals for individual scores and to determine the minimal difference needed to be exhibited for one to be confident that a true change in performance of an individual has occurred.

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Measurement of intramuscular fat by muscle echo intensity.

Hui-Ju Young, Nathan T. Jenkins, Qun Zhao … (2015)

The aim of this study was to compare ultrasound echo intensity (EI) with high-resolution T1 -weighted MRI and to establish calibration equations to estimate percent intramuscular fat from EI.

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Pain and motor control: From the laboratory to rehabilitation.

Paul Hodges (2011)

Movement is changed in pain and is the target of clinical interventions. Yet the understanding of the physiological basis for movement adaptation in pain remains limited. Contemporary theories are relatively simplistic and fall short of providing an explanation for the variety of permutations of changes in movement control identified in clinical and experimental contexts. The link between current theories and rehabilitation is weak at best. New theories are required that both account for the breadth of changes in motor control in pain and provide direction for development and refinement of clinical interventions. This paper describes an expanded theory of the motor adaptation to pain to address these two issues. The new theory, based on clinical and experimental data argues that: activity is redistributed within and between muscles rather than stereotypical inhibition or excitation of muscles; modifies the mechanical behaviour in a variable manner with the objective to "protect" the tissues from further pain or injury, or threatened pain or injury; involves changes at multiple levels of the motor system that may be complementary, additive or competitive; and has short-term benefit, but with potential long-term consequences due to factors such as increased load, decreased movement, and decreased variability. This expanded theory provides guidance for rehabilitation directed at alleviating a mechanical contribution to the recurrence and persistence of pain that must be balanced with other aspects of a multifaceted intervention that includes management of psychosocial aspects of the pain experience. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Hadi Sarafraz: hsarafraz@razi.tums.ac.ir

Mohammad Reza Hadian: hadianrs@sina.tums.ac.ir

Niloofar Ayoobi Yazdi: nayoobi@sina.tums.ac.ir

Gholamreza Olyaei: olyaeigh@sina.tums.ac.ir

Hossein Bagheri: hbagheri@tums.ac.ir

Shohreh Jalaie: jalaeish@tums.ac.ir

Omid Rasouli: omid.rasouli@ntnu.no

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Chiropr Man Therap

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Chiropr Man Therap

Title: Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-709X

Publication date (Electronic): 6 November 2018

Publication date PMC-release: 6 November 2018

Publication date Collection: 2018

Volume: 26

Electronic Location Identifier: 47

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, GRID grid.411705.6, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, International Campus, , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), ; Tehran, Iran

[2 ]Department of Neurology, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, GRID grid.411705.6, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS, IC-TUMS), Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), ; Tehran, Iran

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, GRID grid.411705.6, Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (ADIR) research center, , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran

[5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, GRID grid.411705.6, Department of Physiotherapy, , School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, (TUMS), ; Tehran, Iran

[6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, GRID grid.411705.6, Biostatistics, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, (TUMS), ; Tehran, Iran

[7 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1516 2393, GRID grid.5947.f, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), ; Trondheim, Norway

Article

Publisher ID: 215

DOI: 10.1186/s12998-018-0215-x

PMC ID: 6219045

PubMed ID: 30410724

SO-VID: 7da57f76-c614-4a25-a595-3481b90c8f02

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 24 March 2018

Date accepted : 3 September 2018

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine

Keywords: reproducibility,ultrasonography,skeletal muscle,low back pain,sciatic nerve

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine

Keywords: reproducibility, ultrasonography, skeletal muscle, low back pain, sciatic nerve

Test-retest reliability of nerve and muscle morphometric characteristics utilizing ultrasound imaging in individuals with unilateral sciatica and controls

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Abstract

Background

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Results

Conclusions

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The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine

Most cited references 37

Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM.

Measurement of intramuscular fat by muscle echo intensity.

Pain and motor control: From the laboratory to rehabilitation.

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