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      Blends and Nanocomposite Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering

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          Abstract

          This review provides a comprehensive assessment on polymer blends and nanocomposite systems for articular cartilage tissue engineering applications. Classification of various types of blends including natural/natural, synthetic/synthetic systems, their combination and nanocomposite biomaterials are studied. Additionally, an inclusive study on their characteristics, cell responses ability to mimic tissue and regenerate damaged articular cartilage with respect to have functionality and composition needed for native tissue, are also provided.

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          Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials

          Lakshmi Nair, Cato T. Laurencin (2007)
          Article 0 comments Cited 748 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Synthetic biodegradable polymers as orthopedic devices

            John C Middleton, Arthur J Tipton (2000)
            Polymer scientists, working closely with those in the device and medical fields, have made tremendous advances over the past 30 years in the use of synthetic materials in the body. In this article we will focus on properties of biodegradable polymers which make them ideally suited for orthopedic applications where a permanent implant is not desired. The materials with the greatest history of use are the poly(lactides) and poly(glycolides), and these will be covered in specific detail. The chemistry of the polymers, including synthesis and degradation, the tailoring of properties by proper synthetic controls such as copolymer composition, special requirements for processing and handling, and mechanisms of biodegradation will be covered. An overview of biocompatibility and approved devices of particular interest in orthopedics are also covered.
            Article 0 comments Cited 443 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering: a review.

              J-K Francis Suh, Howard Matthew (2000)
              Once damaged, articular cartilage has very little capacity for spontaneous healing because of the avascular nature of the tissue. Although many repair techniques have been proposed over the past four decades, none has sucessfully regenerated long-lasting hyaline cartilage tissue to replace damaged cartilage. Tissue engineering approaches, such as transplantation of isolated chondrocytes, have recently demonstrated tremendous clinical potential for regeneration of hyaline-like cartilage tissue and treatment of chondral lesions. As such a new approach emerges, new important questions arise. One of such questions is: what kinds of biomaterials can be used with chondrocytes to tissue-engineer articular cartilage? The success of chondrocyte transplantation and/or the quality of neocartilage formation strongly depend on the specific cell-carrier material. The present article reviews some of those biomaterials, which have been suggested to promote chondrogenesis and to have potentials for tissue engineering of articular cartilage. A new biomaterial, a chitosan-based polysaccharide hydrogel, is also introduced and discussed in terms of the biocompatibility with chondrocytes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 344 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): materials
                Title: Materials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 July 2014
                Publication date Collection: July 2014
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 5327-5355
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; E-Mail: hashemi.azadeh@ 123456gmail.com
                [2 ]Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; E-Mail: kmequani@ 123456uwo.ca
                [3 ]Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
                [4 ]Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hadi.mohammadi@ 123456ubc.ca ; Tel.: +1-250-807-9920.
                Article
                Publisher ID: materials-07-05327
                DOI: 10.3390/ma7075327
                PMC ID: 5455822
                PubMed ID: 28788131
                SO-VID: 7d23ad15-5c6c-40ab-9259-6e8632718c39
                Copyright © © 2014 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 04 April 2014
                Date revision received : 10 July 2014
                Date accepted : 14 July 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: blend,nanocomposite,biomaterial,articular cartilage,tissue engineering
                Data availability:
                Keywords: blend, nanocomposite, biomaterial, articular cartilage, tissue engineering

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