Eutectics: formation, properties, and applications

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Abstract

Various eutectic systems including eutectic metals, eutectic salts, and deep eutectic solvents have been proposed and applied in engineering, energy and environmental fields.

Abstract

Various eutectic systems have been proposed and studied over the past few decades. Most of the studies have focused on three typical types of eutectics: eutectic metals, eutectic salts, and deep eutectic solvents. On the one hand, they are all eutectic systems, and their eutectic principle is the same. On the other hand, they are representative of metals, inorganic salts, and organic substances, respectively. They have applications in almost all fields related to chemistry. Their different but overlapping applications stem from their very different properties. In addition, the proposal of new eutectic systems has greatly boosted the development of cross-field research involving chemistry, materials, engineering, and energy. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of these typical eutectics and describe task-specific strategies to address growing demands.

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Most cited references 347

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and their applications.

Emma Smith, Andrew P Abbott, Karl S Ryder (2014)

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Novel solvent properties of choline chloride/urea mixturesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: spectroscopic data. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b210714g/

Andrew P Abbott, Glen Capper, David L Davies … (2003)

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Deep eutectic solvents formed between choline chloride and carboxylic acids: versatile alternatives to ionic liquids.

Andrew P Abbott, David Boothby, Glen Capper … (2004)

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) can be formed between a variety of quaternary ammonium salts and carboxylic acids. The physical properties are significantly affected by the structure of the carboxylic acid but the phase behavior of the mixtures can be simply modeled by taking account of the mole fraction of carboxylic acid in the mixture. The physical properties such as viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension of these DES are similar to ambient temperature ionic liquids and insight into the cause of these properties is gained using hole-theory. It is shown that the conductivity and viscosity of these liquids is controlled by ion mobility and the availability of voids of suitable dimensions, and this is consistent with the fluidity of other ionic liquids and molten salts. The DES are also shown to be good solvents for metal oxides, which could have potential application for metal extraction.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Zhimin Xue: (View ORCID Profile)

Tiancheng Mu: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): CSRVBR

Title: Chemical Society Reviews

Abbreviated Title: Chem. Soc. Rev.

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

ISSN (Print): 0306-0012

ISSN (Electronic): 1460-4744

Publication date Created: August 2 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 2021

Volume: 50

Issue: 15

Pages: 8596-8638

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Chemistry

[2 ]Renmin University of China

[3 ]Beijing 100872

[4 ]P. R. China

[5 ]Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry

[6 ]College of Materials Science and Technology

[7 ]Beijing Forestry University

[8 ]Beijing 100083

Article

DOI: 10.1039/D1CS00404B

PubMed ID: 34138999

SO-VID: 7cd41fac-a187-482f-8792-1b3696d27aaf

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http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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