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      Anti-Obesity Actions of Two Separated Aqueous Extracts From Arbutus ( Arbutus unedo) and Hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ) Fruits Against High-Fat Diet in Rats via Potent Antioxidant Target

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          Abstract

          Arbutus unedo and Crataegus monogyna are widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin and commonly used in folk medicine against a wide range of diseases. Therefore, the present study has been designed to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of two aqueous extracts of the fruits of A. unedo (AUAE) and C. monogyna (CMAE). Male Wistar rats were supplied with a standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with the two separated extracts at the same dose (300 mg/kg, BW, p. o.), or HFD with atorvastatin-(ATOR) (2.1 mg/kg, BW, p. o.) for 12 weeks. Lipid profile and the liver and kidney linked-markers were assessed. Besides, obesity-related disorders' biomarkers were measured. AUAE, CMAE, and ATOR were observed to reduce significantly total body and organ weights following HFD-induced obese rat models. Likewise, epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue weights were noticeably decreased in HFD rats treated with both extracts and ATOR. Added to that, biochemical and metabolic changes were normalized by significant attenuation of lipid peroxidation accompanied with an increase of thiol-group concentrations and antioxidant status. More importantly, a modulation in trace element levels was revealed when compared with HFD group. Altogether, current study concluded that AUAE and CMAE could be potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related disturbs induced by HFD.

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          A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding

          Marion Bradford (1976)
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            Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense

            Esra Birben, Umit Murat Sahiner, Cansin Sackesen … (2012)
            Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by living organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism and environmental factors, such as air pollutants or cigarette smoke. ROS are highly reactive molecules and can damage cell structures such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins and alter their functions. The shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants is termed “oxidative stress.” Regulation of reducing and oxidizing (redox) state is critical for cell viability, activation, proliferation, and organ function. Aerobic organisms have integrated antioxidant systems, which include enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants that are usually effective in blocking harmful effects of ROS. However, in pathological conditions, the antioxidant systems can be overwhelmed. Oxidative stress contributes to many pathological conditions and diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/perfusion, diabetes, acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. In this review, we summarize the cellular oxidant and antioxidant systems and discuss the cellular effects and mechanisms of the oxidative stress.
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              Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030.

              T. Kelly, W. Yang, C-S Chen … (2008)
              To estimate the overall prevalence and absolute burden of overweight and obesity in the world and in various regions in 2005 and to project the global burden in 2030. Pooling analysis. We identified sex- and age-specific prevalence of overweight and obesity in representative population samples from 106 countries, which cover approximately 88% of the world population, using MEDLINE and other computerized databases, supplemented by a manual search of references from retrieved articles. Sex- and age-specific prevalence of overweight and obesity were applied to the 2005 population to estimate the numbers of overweight and obese individuals in each country, each world region and the entire world. In addition, the prevalence, with and without adjusting for secular trends, were applied to the 2030 population projections to forecast the number of overweight and obese individuals in 2030. Overall, 23.2% (95% confidence interval 22.8-23.5%) of the world's adult population in 2005 was overweight (24.0% in men (23.4-24.5%) and 22.4% in women (21.9-22.9%)), and 9.8% (9.6-10.0%) was obese (7.7% in men (7.4-7.9%) and 11.9% in women (11.6-12.2%)). The estimated total numbers of overweight and obese adults in 2005 were 937 million (922-951 million) and 396 million (388-405 million), respectively. By 2030, the respective number of overweight and obese adults was projected to be 1.35 billion and 573 million individuals without adjusting for secular trends. If recent secular trends continue unabated, the absolute numbers were projected to total 2.16 billion overweight and 1.12 billion obese individuals. Overweight and obesity are important clinical and public health burdens worldwide. National programs for the prevention and treatment of overweight, obesity and related comorbidities and mortalities should be a public health priority.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dose Response
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Dose Response
                Journal ID (hwp): spdos
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DOS
                Title: Dose-Response
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1559-3258
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 May 2023
                Publication date Collection: Apr-Jun 2023
                Volume: 21
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: 15593258231179904
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Ressources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Ringgold 243330, universityUniversity of Jendouba; , Beja, Tunisia
                [2 ]universityClinical Biology Laboratory, Beja Regional Hospital; , Beja, Tunisia
                [3 ]Ringgold 201303, universityUniversity of Jendouba; , Jendouba, Tunisia
                Author notes
                [*]Kais Rtibi, Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Ressources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, B.P. 382-9000 Beja, Tunisia. Email: rtibikais@ 123456yahoo.fr
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-0371
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_15593258231179904
                DOI: 10.1177/15593258231179904
                PMC ID: 10236257
                PubMed ID: 37275393
                SO-VID: 7c9e4372-d264-4eb4-9dcf-7bdd4f21cf3d
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 14 November 2022
                Date accepted : 17 May 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research;
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Custom metadata
                typesetter ts10
                cover-date April-June 2023

                Keywords: arbutus unedo,crataegus monogyna,obesity,oxidative stress,high-fat diet,liver and kidney biomarkers
                Data availability:
                Keywords: arbutus unedo, crataegus monogyna, obesity, oxidative stress, high-fat diet, liver and kidney biomarkers

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