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Vitamin D: Metabolism
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Abstract
The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), affects mineral
homeostasis and has numerous other diverse physiologic functions including effects
on growth of cancer cells and protection against certain immune disorders. This article
reviews the role of vitamin D hydroxylases in providing a tightly regulated supply
of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). The role of extrarenal 1alpha(OH)ase in placenta and macrophages
is also discussed, as well as regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases in aging and chronic
kidney disease. Understanding specific factors involved in regulating the hydroxylases
may lead to the design of drugs that can selectively modulate the hydroxylases. The
ability to alter levels of these enzymes would have therapeutic potential for the
treatment of various diseases, including bone loss disorders and certain immune diseases.
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.