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      Efeito da prática do Tai Chi Chuan sobre a resistência aeróbia de idosas sedentárias Translated title: Effect of Tai Chi Chuan practice on aerobic resistance of sedentary elderly women

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito da prática do Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) sobre a resistência aeróbia de idosas sedentárias. Métodos: Fizeram parte do estudo 11 idosas sedentárias (67,9 ± 6,8 anos; 25,9 ± 2,8 kg/m²), as quais foram submetidas aos testes de marcha estacionária de dois minutos e teste de caminhada de seis minutos pré e pós-intervenção de 12 semanas de TCC. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento da resistência aeróbia das idosas analisadas após 12 semanas de prática de TCC, demonstrado tanto por meio do teste de caminhada de seis minutos (510 ± 64 vs. 536 ± 63 metros; p = 0,006) quanto no teste de marcha estacionária de dois minutos (83 ± 20 vs. 110 ± 19 execuções; p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que a prática do TCC é capaz de promover aumento da resistência aeróbia de idosas sedentárias.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Tai Chi Chuan(TCC) practice on cardiorespiratory fitness of sedentary elderly women. Methods:A total of 11 sedentary elderly women (67.9 ± 6.8 years; 25.9 ± 2.8 kg·m-2)were submitted to six-minute walk test and two-minute step testbefore and after a 12-week TCC training program. RESULTS: Improvements were observed on cardiorespiratory fitness of elderly women analyzed after a 12-week TCC training program, through six-minute walk test (510 ± 64 vs. 536 ± 63 meters; p= 0.006)and two-minute step test(83 ± 20 vs. 110 ± 19 executions; p= 0.001). CONCLUSION: According with obtained results, itis possible to conclude that the TCC practice may promote an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness in sedentary elderly women.

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          Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men.

          Cardiorespiratory fitness and body fatness are both related to health, but their interrelation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is unknown. We examined the health benefits of leanness and the hazards of obesity while simultaneously considering cardiorespiratory fitness. This was an observational cohort study. We followed 21925 men, aged 30-83 y, who had a body-composition assessment and a maximal treadmill exercise test. There were 428 deaths (144 from CVD, 143 from cancer, and 141 from other causes) in an average of 8 y of follow-up (176742 man-years). After adjustment for age, examination year, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and parental history of ischemic heart disease, unfit (low cardiorespiratory fitness as determined by maximal exercise testing), lean men had double the risk of all-cause mortality of fit, lean men (relative risk: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.16, 3.69; P = 0.01). Unfit, lean men also had a higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality than did men who were fit and obese. We observed similar results for fat and fat-free mass in relation to mortality. Unfit men had a higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality than did fit men in all fat and fat-free mass categories. Similarly, unfit men with low waist girths ( or =99 cm). The health benefits of leanness are limited to fit men, and being fit may reduce the hazards of obesity.
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            Cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity as mortality predictors in older adults.

            Although levels of physical activity and aerobic capacity decline with age and the prevalence of obesity tends to increase with age, the independent and joint associations among fitness, adiposity, and mortality in older adults have not been adequately examined. To determine the association among cardiorespiratory fitness ("fitness"), adiposity, and mortality in older adults. Cohort of 2603 adults aged 60 years or older (mean age, 64.4 [SD, 4.8] years; 19.8% women) enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who completed a baseline health examination during 1979-2001. Fitness was assessed by a maximal exercise test, and adiposity was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percent body fat. Low fitness was defined as the lowest fifth of the sex-specific distribution of maximal treadmill exercise test duration. The distributions of BMI, waist circumference, and percent body fat were grouped for analysis according to clinical guidelines. All-cause mortality through December 31, 2003. There were 450 deaths during a mean follow-up of 12 years and 31 236 person-years of exposure. Death rates per 1000 person-years, adjusted for age, sex, and examination year were 13.9, 13.3, 18.3, and 31.8 across BMI groups of 18.5-24.9, 25.0-29.9, 30.0-34.9, and > or =35.0, respectively (P = .01 for trend); 13.3 and 18.2 for normal and high waist circumference (> or =88 cm in women; > or =102 cm in men) (P = .004); 13.7 and 14.6 for normal and high percent body fat (> or =30% in women; > or =25% in men) (P = .51); and 32.6, 16.6, 12.8, 12.3, and 8.1 across incremental fifths of fitness (P < .001 for trend). The association between waist circumference and mortality persisted after further adjustment for smoking, baseline health status, and BMI (P = .02) but not after additional adjustment for fitness (P = .86). Fitness predicted mortality risk after further adjustment for smoking, baseline health, and either BMI, waist circumference, or percent body fat (P < .001 for trend). In this study population, fitness was a significant mortality predictor in older adults, independent of overall or abdominal adiposity. Clinicians should consider the importance of preserving functional capacity by recommending regular physical activity for older individuals, normal-weight and overweight alike.
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              Accelerated longitudinal decline of aerobic capacity in healthy older adults.

              The ability of older persons to function independently is dependent largely on the maintenance of sufficient aerobic capacity and strength to perform daily activities. Although peak aerobic capacity is widely recognized to decline with age, its rate of decline has been estimated primarily from cross-sectional studies that may provide misleading, overly optimistic estimates of aging changes. To determine longitudinal rate of change in aerobic capacity and the influence of age, gender, and physical activity on these changes, we performed serial measurements of peak treadmill oxygen consumption (peak VO2) in 375 women and 435 men ages 21 to 87 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, a community-dwelling cohort free of clinical heart disease, over a median follow-up period of 7.9 years. A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to calculate the predicted longitudinal 10-year rate of change in peak VO2, expressed in milliliters per minute, for each age decade from the 20s through the 70s after adjustment for self-reported leisure-time physical activity. A longitudinal decline in peak VO2 was observed in each of the 6 age decades in both sexes; however, the rate of decline accelerated from 3% to 6% per 10 years in the 20s and 30s to >20% per 10 years in the 70s and beyond. The rate of decline for each decade was larger in men than in women from the 40s onward. Similar longitudinal rates of decline prevailed when peak VO2 was indexed per kilogram of body weight or per kilogram of fat-free mass and in all quartiles of self-reported leisure-time physical activity. When the components of peak VO2 were examined, the rate of longitudinal decline of the oxygen pulse (ie, the O2 utilization per heart beat) mirrored that of peak VO2, whereas the longitudinal rate of heart rate decline averaged only 4% to 6% per 10 years, and accelerated only minimally with age. The longitudinal rate of decline in peak VO2 in healthy adults is not constant across the age span in healthy persons, as assumed by cross-sectional studies, but accelerates markedly with each successive age decade, especially in men, regardless of physical activity habits. The accelerated rate of decline of peak aerobic capacity has substantial implications with regard to functional independence and quality of life, not only in healthy older persons, but particularly when disease-related deficits are superimposed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbgg
                Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia
                Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.
                Universidade do Estado do Rio Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1809-9823
                1981-2256
                December 2012
                : 15
                : 4
                : 627-633
                Affiliations
                [02] Natal RN orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte orgdiv1Departamento de Educação Física orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde Brasil
                [03] Curitiba PR orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física Brasil
                [01] Natal RN orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte orgdiv1Departamento de Educação Física Brasil
                Article
                S1809-98232012000400003 S1809-9823(12)01500400003
                7c22b9c6-5f91-4061-b65f-50ec705fd6fa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 July 2012
                : 02 August 2012
                : 08 November 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 7
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                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Physical fitness,Tai chi chuan,Idoso,Testes de aptidão Aptidão física,Resistência física,Physical endurance,Elderly

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