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      Stress and breast cancer: from epidemiology to molecular biology

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , , 2 , 2
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Breast Cancer Research : BCR
      Publisher: BioMed Central

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          Abstract

          Stress exposure has been proposed to contribute to the etiology of breast cancer. However, the validity of this assertion and the possible mechanisms involved are not well established. Epidemiologic studies differ in their assessment of the relative contribution of stress to breast cancer risk, while physiological studies propose a clear connection but lack the knowledge of intracellular pathways involved. The present review aims to consolidate the findings from different fields of research (including epidemiology, physiology, and molecular biology) in order to present a comprehensive picture of what we know to date about the role of stress in breast cancer development.

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          Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior.

          Ian Weaver, Nadia Cervoni, Frances Champagne … (2004)
          Here we report that increased pup licking and grooming (LG) and arched-back nursing (ABN) by rat mothers altered the offspring epigenome at a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene promoter in the hippocampus. Offspring of mothers that showed high levels of LG and ABN were found to have differences in DNA methylation, as compared to offspring of 'low-LG-ABN' mothers. These differences emerged over the first week of life, were reversed with cross-fostering, persisted into adulthood and were associated with altered histone acetylation and transcription factor (NGFI-A) binding to the GR promoter. Central infusion of a histone deacetylase inhibitor removed the group differences in histone acetylation, DNA methylation, NGFI-A binding, GR expression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress, suggesting a causal relation among epigenomic state, GR expression and the maternal effect on stress responses in the offspring. Thus we show that an epigenomic state of a gene can be established through behavioral programming, and it is potentially reversible.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1321 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1.

            Y Miki, J. Swensen, D Shattuck-Eidens … (1994)
            A strong candidate for the 17q-linked BRCA1 gene, which influences susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, has been identified by positional cloning methods. Probable predisposing mutations have been detected in five of eight kindreds presumed to segregate BRCA1 susceptibility alleles. The mutations include an 11-base pair deletion, a 1-base pair insertion, a stop codon, a missense substitution, and an inferred regulatory mutation. The BRCA1 gene is expressed in numerous tissues, including breast and ovary, and encodes a predicted protein of 1863 amino acids. This protein contains a zinc finger domain in its amino-terminal region, but is otherwise unrelated to previously described proteins. Identification of BRCA1 should facilitate early diagnosis of breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility in some individuals as well as a better understanding of breast cancer biology.
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              Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress.

              D. Liu, J Diorio, B Tannenbaum … (1997)
              Variations in maternal care affect the development of individual differences in neuroendocrine responses to stress in rats. As adults, the offspring of mothers that exhibited more licking and grooming of pups during the first 10 days of life showed reduced plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone responses to acute stress, increased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expression, enhanced glucocorticoid feedback sensitivity, and decreased levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger RNA. Each measure was significantly correlated with the frequency of maternal licking and grooming (all r's > -0.6). These findings suggest that maternal behavior serves to "program" hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress in the offspring.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Breast Cancer Res
                Title: Breast Cancer Research : BCR
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Print): 1465-5411
                ISSN (Electronic): 1465-542X
                Publication date (Print): 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 April 2011
                Publication date PMC-release: 21 October 2011
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 2
                Page: 208
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, TOHCC 3rd floor, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
                [2 ]Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Suite 300, 10 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6 Canada
                Article
                Publisher ID: bcr2836
                DOI: 10.1186/bcr2836
                PMC ID: 3219182
                PubMed ID: 21575279
                SO-VID: 7bcdde4a-c1e0-4fb8-83dd-cf07ad3a39b5
                Copyright © Copyright ©2011 BioMed Central Ltd
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                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy

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