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      Honey bees (Apis mellifera) visiting flowers of yellow melon (Cucumis melo) using different number of hives Translated title: Visita de abelhas melíferas (Apis mellifera) em flores de melão amarelo (Cucumis melo) usando diferente número de colmeias

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          Abstract

          Honey bees (Apis mellifera) pollinate melon (Cucumis melo) and improve production and quality of fruits. However, little is known about bee behavior and number of hives required. The aims of this study were to compare bees visiting flowers in crop areas with different number of hives (0, 1, 2, and 3), and to evaluate which is the best number. Flowers were observed (n=78) from 5 am to 6 pm, for five consecutive days, in four experimental areas (0.5ha each). Comparisons were made for male (MF) and hermaphrodite (HF) flowers, number of hives and fruit production. The HF were always more visited than MF. Most comparisons made for three hives presented significant differences, since visits increased drastically, competition among bees for floral resources became stronger and reduced the production of commercial fruit (93.4%). On the other hand, the highest percentage of commercial fruit was obtained (99%) with two hives, setting the ideal number of hives as four hives ha-1.

          Translated abstract

          As abelhas melíferas (Apis mellifera) polinizam o melão (Cucumis melo) e melhoram a produção e qualidade dos frutos. Entretanto, pouco é conhecido sobre seu comportamento e o número de colmeias necessário. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram comparar a visitação das abelhas nas flores em áreas de cultivo com diferente número de colmeias (0,1, 2 e 3) e avaliar a produção de frutos em cada situação. Nas quatro áreas experimentais (0,5 ha cada), foram observadas flores (n=78), de 5 às 18h, por cinco dias consecutivos. Foram realizadas comparações para as flores masculinas (FM) e hermafroditas (FH), número de colmeias e produção de frutos. Os resultados mostraram que sempre as FH foram mais visitadas que as FM. A maioria das comparações feitas para três colmeias apresentaram diferenças significativas, já que as visitas aumentaram drasticamente. Provavelmente, a competição entre as abelhas pelos recursos florais foi maior e reduziu a produção de frutos comerciais (93,4%). Por outro lado, com duas colmeias, obteve-se a maior porcentagem de frutos comerciais (99%), indicando que o número ideal é de quatro colmeias ha-1.

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          A global quantitative synthesis of local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in agroecosystems.

          Bees provide essential pollination services that are potentially affected both by local farm management and the surrounding landscape. To better understand these different factors, we modelled the relative effects of landscape composition (nesting and floral resources within foraging distances), landscape configuration (patch shape, interpatch connectivity and habitat aggregation) and farm management (organic vs. conventional and local-scale field diversity), and their interactions, on wild bee abundance and richness for 39 crop systems globally. Bee abundance and richness were higher in diversified and organic fields and in landscapes comprising more high-quality habitats; bee richness on conventional fields with low diversity benefited most from high-quality surrounding land cover. Landscape configuration effects were weak. Bee responses varied slightly by biome. Our synthesis reveals that pollinator persistence will depend on both the maintenance of high-quality habitats around farms and on local management practices that may offset impacts of intensive monoculture agriculture. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.
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            Insect pollination of crops

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              Insect pollination of cultived crop plants

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cr
                Ciência Rural
                Cienc. Rural
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria )
                1678-4596
                October 2015
                : 45
                : 10
                : 1768-1773
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Embrapa Semiárido Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco Brazil
                Article
                S0103-84782015001001768
                10.1590/0103-8478cr20140974
                7afaefb0-b718-497e-9375-225649a358cd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-8478&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                honey bees,Apis mellifera,number of hives,crop pollination,melon,Cucumis melo,abelhas melíferas,número de colmeias,polinização de culturas agrícolas,melão

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