Factors associated with lip and oral cavity cancer

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Abstract

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify factors associated with the occurrence of primary cancer of the lip and oral cavity regions compared to other types of head and neck cancers according to demographic, socioeconomic data and lifestyle, in Brazil, from 2000 to 2011. METHODS: A study was conducted using Hospital Cancer Records (Instituto Nacional do Câncer), from 2000 to 2011, totaling 23,153 cases. Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression (response category: primary cancers located in the lip and oral cavity; comparison category; other types of primary cancer in the head and neck, which does not affect the lip and oral cavity) at a significance level α = 5%. RESULTS: The study showed factors associated with higher incidence of cancer in the lip and oral cavity: being of advanced age (OR = 1.16), not having a family history of cancer (OR = 2.38), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.17); former tobacco use (OR = 1.51) or current tobacco use (OR = 1.65); having a previous diagnosis of cancer without treatment (OR =1.66). Being female (OR = 0.92), having completed basic (OR = 0.71) and higher (OR = 0.46) education and having previous diagnosis of cancer with treatment (OR = 0.74) constituted factors associated with lower prevalence of cancer of the lip and oral cavity. CONCLUSION: Age, absence of family history of cancer, smoking habits and alcohol consumption, and previous diagnosis of cancer without treatment were associated with a higher incidence of cancer of the lip and oral cavity.

Translated abstract

OBJETIVOS: Objetivou-se identificar fatores associados à ocorrência de câncer primário nas regiões de lábio e cavidade oral frente aos demais tipos de cânceres de cabeça e pescoço segundo dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida, no Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2011. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo a partir dos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer (Instituto Nacional do Câncer), no período 2000-2011, totalizando 23.153 casos. Os dados foram analisados pela regressão logística binária (categoria resposta: cânceres de localização primária em lábio e cavidade oral; categoria de comparação: demais tipos de câncer primário em cabeça e pescoço, que não acometem lábio e cavidade oral) ao nível de significância α = 5%. RESULTADOS: Revelaram-se como fatores associados à maior ocorrência de câncer em lábio e cavidade oral: possuir idade mais elevada (OR = 1,16); não ter histórico familiar de câncer (OR = 2,38); ser etilista (OR = 1,17); ser ex-tabagista (OR = 1,51) ou tabagista (OR = 1,65); possuir diagnóstico anterior de câncer sem tratamento (OR = 1,66). Ser do sexo feminino (OR = 0,92); possuir ensino fundamental (OR = 0,71) e superior (OR = 0,46) completos e apresentar diagnóstico anterior de câncer com tratamento (OR = 0,74) constituíram-se fatores associados à menor prevalência de câncer em lábio e cavidade oral. CONCLUSÃO: A idade, ausência de histórico familiar de câncer, hábitos de tabagismo e etilismo e diagnóstico anterior de câncer sem tratamento estiveram associados a uma maior ocorrência de câncer em lábio e cavidade oral.

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Epidemiology of head and neck cancer: magnitude of the problem.

L Döbrössy (2004)

Head and neck cancer comprises squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. There are similarities in their natural history, epidemiology and control. For these cancers premalignant changes can be identified. Smoking and drinking are the major risk factors. The geographical variations in incidence and mortality are indicative of differences in the prevalence of risk factors between countries. The dramatic increase in head and neck cancers is cause for great concern, particularly in Central-Eastern Europe. The great majority of these cancers could be prevented by reducing the prevalence of established risk factors. Screening could be used to detect both precancerous lesions and early invasive cancers; however, no study as yet has demonstrated a reduced incidence and mortality resulting from screening. When setting strategies for prevention, the socioeconomic differentials in incidence and mortality from head and neck cancers need to be taken into account.