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      Human mesenchymal stem cells - current trends and future prospective

      review-article
      Author(s): * , * , * , † , 1
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Bioscience Reports
      Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
      Keywords: chronic diseases, homing, immunomodulatory features, in vitro differentiation, mesenchymal stem cells, AD, Alzheimer disease, AD-MSC, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, ALS, amylotrophic lateral sclerosis, BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BME, β-mercaptoethanol, BM-MSC, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell, BMP, bone morphogenic protein, CD, cluster of differentiation, CPA, cryoprotective agent, CRF, controlled rate freezer, DA, dopamine, DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media, EGF, epidermal growth factor, ESC, embryonic stem cell, FCS, fetal calf serum, FGF, fibroblast growth factor, HGF, hepatocyte growth factor, HLA, human leucocyte antigen, hMSC, human mesenchymal stem cell, ICM, inner cell mass, IFN, interferon, IL, interleukin, IMDM, Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium, iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell, LMX1a, LIM homoeobox transcription factor 1 α, MHC, major histocompatibility complex, MMP, matrix metallo-protease, MSC, mesenchymal stem cell, NBCS, new-born calf serum, NK, natural killer, PD, Parkinson's disease, PD, population doubling, PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, RA, rheumatoid arthritis, Runx2, runt-related transcription factor 2, SSEA, stage-specific embryonic antigen, TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β, Th, T helper cell, TLR, toll-like receptor, Treg, regulatory T-cell, UCB-MSC, umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell

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          Abstract

          Stem cells are cells specialized cell, capable of renewing themselves through cell division and can differentiate into multi-lineage cells. These cells are categorized as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adult stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells which can be isolated from human and animal sources. Human MSCs (hMSCs) are the non-haematopoietic, multipotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into mesodermal lineage such as osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes as well ectodermal (neurocytes) and endodermal lineages (hepatocytes). MSCs express cell surface markers like cluster of differentiation (CD)29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and lack the expression of CD14, CD34, CD45 and HLA (human leucocyte antigen)-DR. hMSCs for the first time were reported in the bone marrow and till now they have been isolated from various tissues, including adipose tissue, amniotic fluid, endometrium, dental tissues, umbilical cord and Wharton's jelly which harbours potential MSCs. hMSCs have been cultured long-term in specific media without any severe abnormalities. Furthermore, MSCs have immunomodulatory features, secrete cytokines and immune-receptors which regulate the microenvironment in the host tissue. Multilineage potential, immunomodulation and secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules makes MSCs an effective tool in the treatment of chronic diseases. In the present review, we have highlighted recent research findings in the area of hMSCs sources, expression of cell surface markers, long-term in vitro culturing, in vitro differentiation potential, immunomodulatory features, its homing capacity, banking and cryopreservation, its application in the treatment of chronic diseases and its use in clinical trials.

          Abstract

          In this review, we highlighted recent research findings in the area of human mesenchymal stem cells, its application in the treatment of chronic diseases and its use in human clinical trials.

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          Most cited references142

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          Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos.

          Sydney M. Evans, H Kaufman (1981)
          Article 0 comments Cited 674 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues vs. those from other sources: their biology and role in regenerative medicine.

            G Huang, S Gronthos, S. Shi (2009)
            To date, 5 different human dental stem/progenitor cells have been isolated and characterized: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), and dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs). These postnatal populations have mesenchymal-stem-cell-like (MSC) qualities, including the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. MSCs derived from bone marrow (BMMSCs) are capable of giving rise to various lineages of cells, such as osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic cells. The dental-tissue-derived stem cells are isolated from specialized tissue with potent capacities to differentiate into odontogenic cells. However, they also have the ability to give rise to other cell lineages similar to, but different in potency from, that of BMMSCs. This article will review the isolation and characterization of the properties of different dental MSC-like populations in comparison with those of other MSCs, such as BMMSCs. Important issues in stem cell biology, such as stem cell niche, homing, and immunoregulation, will also be discussed.
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              Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord.

              Hwai-Shi Wang, Shih-Chieh Hung, Shu-Tine Peng … (2004)
              The Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord contains mucoid connective tissue and fibroblast-like cells. Using flow cytometric analysis, we found that mesenchymal cells isolated from the umbilical cord express matrix receptors (CD44, CD105) and integrin markers (CD29, CD51) but not hematopoietic lineage markers (CD34, CD45). Interestingly, these cells also express significant amounts of mesenchymal stem cell markers (SH2, SH3). We therefore investigated the potential of these cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes by treating them with 5-azacytidine or by culturing them in cardiomyocyte-conditioned medium and found that both sets of conditions resulted in the expression of cardiomyocyte markers, namely N-cadherin and cardiac troponin I. We also showed that these cells have multilineage potential and that, under suitable culture conditions, are able to differentiate into cells of the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. These findings may have a significant impact on studies of early human cardiac differentiation, functional genomics, pharmacological testing, cell therapy, and tissue engineering by helping to eliminate worrying ethical and technical issues.
              Article 0 comments Cited 359 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biosci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biosci. Rep
                Journal ID (pmc): bsr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BSR
                Title: Bioscience Reports
                Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0144-8463
                ISSN (Electronic): 1573-4935
                Publication date (Electronic preprint): 23 March 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 April 2015
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Volume: 35
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: e00191
                Affiliations
                *Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
                †Research institute of life sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
                Author notes
                1To whom correspondence should be addressed (email jinrho@ 123456gnu.ac.kr ).
                Article
                Publisher ID: e00191
                DOI: 10.1042/BSR20150025
                PMC ID: 4413017
                PubMed ID: 25797907
                SO-VID: 7a434c99-4236-4c35-81db-e1aab08d7310
                Copyright © © 2015 The Author(s) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY) ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 29 January 2015
                Date revision received : 10 March 2015
                Date accepted : 20 March 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, References: 176, Pages: 18
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: chronic diseases,homing,immunomodulatory features,in vitro differentiation,mesenchymal stem cells,ad, alzheimer disease,ad-msc, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell,als, amylotrophic lateral sclerosis,bdnf, brain-derived neurotrophic factor,bme, β-mercaptoethanol,bm-msc, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell,bmp, bone morphogenic protein,cd, cluster of differentiation,cpa, cryoprotective agent,crf, controlled rate freezer,da, dopamine,dmem, dulbecco's modified eagle's media,egf, epidermal growth factor,esc, embryonic stem cell,fcs, fetal calf serum,fgf, fibroblast growth factor,hgf, hepatocyte growth factor,hla, human leucocyte antigen,hmsc, human mesenchymal stem cell,icm, inner cell mass,ifn, interferon,il, interleukin,imdm, iscove's modified dulbecco's medium,ipsc, induced pluripotent stem cell,lmx1a, lim homoeobox transcription factor 1 α,mhc, major histocompatibility complex,mmp, matrix metallo-protease,msc, mesenchymal stem cell,nbcs, new-born calf serum,nk, natural killer,pd, parkinson's disease,pd, population doubling,pparγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ,ra, rheumatoid arthritis,runx2, runt-related transcription factor 2,ssea, stage-specific embryonic antigen,tgf-β, transforming growth factor-β,th, t helper cell,tlr, toll-like receptor,treg, regulatory t-cell,ucb-msc, umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: chronic diseases, homing, immunomodulatory features, in vitro differentiation, mesenchymal stem cells, ad, alzheimer disease, ad-msc, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, als, amylotrophic lateral sclerosis, bdnf, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, bme, β-mercaptoethanol, bm-msc, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell, bmp, bone morphogenic protein, cd, cluster of differentiation, cpa, cryoprotective agent, crf, controlled rate freezer, da, dopamine, dmem, dulbecco's modified eagle's media, egf, epidermal growth factor, esc, embryonic stem cell, fcs, fetal calf serum, fgf, fibroblast growth factor, hgf, hepatocyte growth factor, hla, human leucocyte antigen, hmsc, human mesenchymal stem cell, icm, inner cell mass, ifn, interferon, il, interleukin, imdm, iscove's modified dulbecco's medium, ipsc, induced pluripotent stem cell, lmx1a, lim homoeobox transcription factor 1 α, mhc, major histocompatibility complex, mmp, matrix metallo-protease, msc, mesenchymal stem cell, nbcs, new-born calf serum, nk, natural killer, pd, parkinson's disease, pd, population doubling, pparγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, ra, rheumatoid arthritis, runx2, runt-related transcription factor 2, ssea, stage-specific embryonic antigen, tgf-β, transforming growth factor-β, th, t helper cell, tlr, toll-like receptor, treg, regulatory t-cell, ucb-msc, umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell

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