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      Prevalencia de la catarata en el municipio Camagüey Translated title: Cataract prevalence in Camagüey municipality

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          Abstract

          Fundamento: La catarata es la principal causa de ceguera tratable en el mundo. Se estima que existen 20 millones de ciegos por cataratas, siendo éstas las responsables del 50% de las cegueras a nivel mundial. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de la catarata en el municipio de Camagüey desde diciembre de 2006 hasta junio de año 2007. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en pacientes con cataratas atendidos en el centro oftalmológico de Camagüey Carlos J. Finlay. El universo de estudio se constituyó por seiscientos y cinco pacientes mayores de quince años atendidos en la consulta de catarata del centro oftalmológico de Camagüey Carlos J. Finlay. Se seleccionó la muestra mediante el criterio de expertos, la cual se integró por ciento cincuenta y siete pacientes diagnosticados con catarata. Las variables de estudio fueron: edad, sexo, ocupación, agudeza visual, y causa de la catarata. Resultados: se determinó que el mayor por ciento de los pacientes presentó una pérdida visual severa; el 52,23% no tuvieron ocupaciones de riesgo. La causa senil representó el 68,79% de los casos y la prevalencia general fue del 25,95%. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de la catarata aumentó con la edad.

          Translated abstract

          Background: cataract is the main cause of treated blindness in the world. It is considered that 20 millions of blind people because cataract exist, being these ones responsible for the 50% of blindness at world level. Objective: to determine the prevalence of cataract in Camagüey municipality from December 2006 to June 2007. Method: a descriptive study in patients with cataract attended at the ophthalmological center of Camagüey Carlos J. Finlay was performed. The study universe was constituted by six-hundred-five patients older than fifteen years attended in the consultation of cataract. The sample was selected by means of experts- criterion, which was integrated by fifty-seven patients with cataract diagnostic. The study variables were: age, sex, occupation, visual acuity, cause of cataract. Results: it was determined that the greatest percent of patients presented a severe visual loss; 52,23% had no risk occupations. The senile cause represented 68, 79% of the cases and the general prevalence was about the 25,95%. Conclusions: cataract prevalence increased with the age.

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          Prevalence of visual impairment in people aged 75 years and older in Britain: results from the MRC trial of assessment and management of older people in the community.

          To measure the prevalence of visual impairment in a large representative sample of people aged 75 years and over participating in the MRC trial of assessment and management of older people in the community. 53 practices in the MRC general practice research framework. Data were obtained from 14 600 participants aged 75 years and older. Prevalence of visual impairment overall (binocular visual acuity <6/18) which was categorised separately into low vision (binocular visual acuity <6/18-3/60) or blindness (binocular visual acuity of <3/60). The prevalence of binocular acuity <6/12 was presented for comparison with other studies. Visual acuity was measured using Glasgow acuity charts; glasses, if worn, were not removed. Visual acuity was available for 14 600 people out of 21 241 invited (69%). Among people with visual acuity data, 12.4% overall (1803) were visually impaired (95% confidence intervals 10.8% to 13.9%); 1501 (10.3%) were categorised as having low vision (8.7% to 11.8%), and 302 (2.1%) were blind (1.8% to 2.4%). At ages 75-79, 6.2% of the cohort were visually impaired (5.1% to 7.3%) with 36.9% at age 90+ (32.5% to 41.3%). At ages 75-79, 0.6% (0.4% to 0.8%) of the study population were blind, with 6.9% (4.8% to 9.0%) at age 90+. In multivariate regression, controlling for age, women had significant excess risk of visual impairment (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 1.58). Overall, 19.9% of study participants had a binocular acuity of less than 6/12 (17.8% to 22.0%). The results from this large study show that visual impairment is common in the older population and that this risk increases rapidly with advancing age, especially for women. A relatively conservative measure of visual impairment was used. If visual impairment had been defined as visual acuity of <6/12 (American definition of visual impairment), the age specific prevalence estimates would have increased by 60%.
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            Revisión sistemática de estudios poblacionales de prevalencia de catarata

            Objetivo: El envejecimiento de la población ha provocado un aumento de la prevalencia de cataratas afectando a una amplia y creciente proporción de la población. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la prevalencia de catarata a partir de estudios poblacionales mediante una revisión bibliográfica sistemática y exhaustiva. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios poblacionales de prevalencia e incidencia de cataratas, realizados en población sana no institucionalizada, mayor de 40 años, de raza blanca, con una muestra superior a 1.000 individuos y cuyo año de publicación estuviera entre 1980 y 2002. Resultados: Diez estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión (3 europeos, 5 de Estados Unidos y 2 australianos), realizados entre 1984 y 2001. La prevalencia de catarata según opacificación del cristalino en los estudios que la describen estaba entre el 15 y 19%. Cuando se define catarata como opacificación y nivel de agudeza visual conjuntamente los estudios describen prevalencias entre el 15 y 30%. La prevalencia aumenta con la edad, alcanzando entre un 40% y más del 60% de la población a partir de los 70/75 años. Las mujeres tienen una prevalencia mayor que los hombres, con un aumento más pronunciado en edades más avanzadas. Conclusiones: No existe una forma estandarizada de medir la prevalencia de catarata, lo que dificulta la comparación entre los estudios. La prevalencia de catarata fue mayor en los grupos de mayor edad y entre las mujeres, en especial en edades mayores. La creciente prevalencia asociada a la edad muestra el aumento de la carga poblacional de las cataratas asociada al envejecimiento de la población.
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              Unilateral visual impairment and health related quality of life: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

              There has been considerable recent interest in the impact of unilateral visual impairment on functional status and wellbeing, particularly in relation to second eye cataract surgery. To determine if unilateral visual impairment has a measurable impact on health related quality of life (HRQOL) in an older community, as assessed by the generic, multidimensional 36 item short form health survey (SF-36). All participants of the second cross sectional Blue Mountains Eye Study (n = 3508) were invited to attend comprehensive eye examinations and complete an SF-36 questionnaire. Unilateral visual impairment was defined as visual acuity (VA) or =6/12 in the better eye. Mild visual impairment was defined as VA or =6/24, moderate as VA or =6/60, and severe (blindness) as VA <6/60 in the worse eye. Cases with amblyopia (n = 48) were excluded. Complete data were available for 3108 participants; 227 (7.3%) had unilateral visual impairment (148 mild, 29 moderate, 50 severe). Moderate to severe non-correctable unilateral impairment was associated with poorer SF-36 profiles. After adjusting for age and sex, this group had significantly poorer scores than the unimpaired group in three of eight domains (p<0.05); limitations as a result of physical problems, social function, limitations because of emotional problems, and in the mental component score. Mental domains were more affected than physical domains. Unilateral impairment from undercorrected refraction did not measurably affect HRQOL. Moderate to severe non-correctable unilateral visual impairment caused by eye diseases such as cataract had a measurable impact on HRQOL.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                amc
                Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey
                Arch méd Camagüey
                Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey (Camagüey, , Cuba )
                1025-0255
                August 2010
                : 14
                : 4
                Affiliations
                [01] Camagüey orgnameHospital Provincial Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech Cuba smc@ 123456finlay.cmw.sld.cu
                Article
                S1025-02552010000400009 S1025-0255(10)01400409
                792d6e24-2e0c-44fe-932b-fbd040c15fd2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 June 2009
                : 13 October 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                ADULTO,PREVALENCIA,ESTUDIOS TRNASVERSALES,CATARATA,PREVALENCE,CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES,ADULT,CATARACT

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