TORPP - Turtles, One Health Research &amp; Plastic Pollution: A multidisciplinary consortium to evaluate the environmental and health impact of Micro/NanoPlastics (MNPs) pollution

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Abstract

Although the World Health Organization characterizes a One Health concern as one in which there is the capability to incorporate numerous disciplines to tackle health challenges threatening humans, animals and ecosystems, scientific efforts frequently remain compartmentalized. Here we report an original consortium, TORPP, spanning 16 disciplines, focused on Micro/NanoPlastics (MNPs) pollution as a One Health concern. Whereas the MNP topic has been largely studied in marine ecology, research effort remains scarce in human medicine. Equally, while marine ecology is highly skilled in MNP sampling and characterization, human medicine has developed pathophysiological concepts and tools that can be used more broadly to evaluate the health impact of MNPs. TORPP consortium propose that these strengths and knowledges must be transferred across fields of study to advance our understanding of MNP toxicity to organisms, by uniting integrative approaches (ecological, experimental and clinical) under a common conceptual and analytical framework.

Highlights

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MNPs pose an emerging threat due to their ability to interfere at all biological levels.
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MNPs toxicity spectrum seem extremely wide, affecting important biological processes such as reproduction, growth, immunity and nutrition, through neurotoxicity.
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Only 16 clinical trials on MNPs toxicity worldwide have been referenced in clinicaltrials.gov.
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Marine turtles and humans are ideal sentinel species to study MNPs health impact.
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TORPP One Health group fosters expertise across scientific specialties to better assess MNPs toxicity.

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Most cited references 20

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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

John F. Cryan, Kenneth J. O'Riordan, Caitlin S M Cowan … (2019)

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review.

Matthew Cole, Pennie Lindeque, Claudia Halsband … (2011)

Since the mass production of plastics began in the 1940s, microplastic contamination of the marine environment has been a growing problem. Here, a review of the literature has been conducted with the following objectives: (1) to summarise the properties, nomenclature and sources of microplastics; (2) to discuss the routes by which microplastics enter the marine environment; (3) to evaluate the methods by which microplastics are detected in the marine environment; (4) to assess spatial and temporal trends of microplastic abundance; and (5) to discuss the environmental impact of microplastics. Microplastics are both abundant and widespread within the marine environment, found in their highest concentrations along coastlines and within mid-ocean gyres. Ingestion of microplastics has been demonstrated in a range of marine organisms, a process which may facilitate the transfer of chemical additives or hydrophobic waterborne pollutants to biota. We conclude by highlighting key future research areas for scientists and policymakers. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea

Marcus Eriksen, Laurent C. M. Lebreton, Henry Carson … (2014)

Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, yet estimates of the global abundance and weight of floating plastics have lacked data, particularly from the Southern Hemisphere and remote regions. Here we report an estimate of the total number of plastic particles and their weight floating in the world's oceans from 24 expeditions (2007–2013) across all five sub-tropical gyres, costal Australia, Bay of Bengal and the Mediterranean Sea conducting surface net tows (N = 680) and visual survey transects of large plastic debris (N = 891). Using an oceanographic model of floating debris dispersal calibrated by our data, and correcting for wind-driven vertical mixing, we estimate a minimum of 5.25 trillion particles weighing 268,940 tons. When comparing between four size classes, two microplastic 4.75 mm, a tremendous loss of microplastics is observed from the sea surface compared to expected rates of fragmentation, suggesting there are mechanisms at play that remove <4.75 mm plastic particles from the ocean surface.

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Author and article information

Contributors

A. Legrand

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): One Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): One Health

Title: One Health

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Electronic): 2352-7714

Publication date PMC-release: 09 August 2024

Publication date Collection: December 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 09 August 2024

Volume: 19

Electronic Location Identifier: 100873

Affiliations

[a ]Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Direction de La Recherche Et de L'Innovation, 44000 Nantes, France

[b ]Biological Sciences Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

[c ]Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Mouvement, Interactions, Performance, MIP, UR 4334, 44000 Nantes, France

[d ]Pole de gérontologie clinique, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France

[e ]School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia

[f ]Fundación para la Conservación y Recuperación de Animales Marinos (CRAM), Barcelona, Spain

[g ]University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248, Pessac, France

[h ]Centre de Recuperació d'Amfibis i Rèptils de Catalunya (CRARC), Barcelona, Spain

[i ]MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France

[j ]Addictologie and psychiatrie de liaison, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Laboratoire "mouvement, interactions, performance" (EA 4334), Faculté Sciences du sport, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. arnaud.legrand@ 123456chu-nantes.fr

[1]

TORPP Association (Turtles, One-health Research & Plastic Pollution) – https://torpp.net/

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2352-7714(24)00199-X Publisher ID: 100873

DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100873

PMC ID: 11387352

PubMed ID: 39263319

SO-VID: 792b3ed6-a177-4c77-827e-f113dd6cdab9

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

TORPP - Turtles, One Health Research & Plastic Pollution: A multidisciplinary consortium to evaluate the environmental and health impact of Micro/NanoPlastics (MNPs) pollution

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Abstract

Highlights

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Climate Change and Human Health

Most cited references 20

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review.

Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea

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